From impact to extinction to recovery: Discoveries of IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 to the Chicxulub impact structure

IF 2.6 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Marine Geology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107661

S.P.S. Gulick , P. Kaskes , C.M. Lowery , A.S.P. Rae , S.M. Tikoo

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Abstract

In 2016, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 364, with support from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure, famous for its causal link to the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. In this summary paper, we discuss key findings from Site M0077 on the cratering processes, marine ecosystem recovery after the mass extinction, and the post-impact hydrothermal system and habitability of the impact structure. Important results include (1) the confirmation of the dynamic collapse model of peak ring formation, (2) insights into impactite emplacement processes on Earth, where water is a key component, (3) discovery of the iridium anomaly within the impact basin, unequivocally linking the Chicxulub impact basin to the global Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary layer, (4) evidence for key atmospheric inputs of dust, sulfate aerosols, and soot, all likely contributing to global cooling and reduction of photosynthesis as drivers for extinction, (5) rapid recovery of life within the ocean overlying the crater, including a primary succession driven by in part by picoplankton before a transition over 100 s kyr to diversifying planktic communities, and (6) the presence of a long-lived hydrothermal system with extant thermophilic life in the buried peak ring 66 Myr later. The Chicxulub crater represents exceptional scientific opportunity in that it bridges planetary science, impact dynamics, and astrobiology; the integration of such findings continue to reveal the transformative power of asteroid impacts as a major geologic and biologic process.

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从撞击到灭绝再到恢复：364号探险队对希克苏鲁伯撞击结构的发现

2016年，在国际大陆科学钻探计划（International Continental Scientific Drilling Program）的支持下，国际海洋发现计划（International Ocean Discovery Program）第364次远征队（Expedition 364）钻进了希克苏鲁伯撞击构造的峰环，该构造因与白垩纪末期的大灭绝有因果关系而闻名。本文综述了M0077站点在陨石坑形成过程、大灭绝后海洋生态系统恢复、撞击后热液系统和撞击结构可居住性等方面的重要发现。重要成果包括：(1)确认了峰环形成的动态崩塌模型；(2)深入了解了地球上的撞击物侵位过程，其中水是关键成分；(3)发现了撞击盆地内的铱异常，明确地将希克苏鲁伯撞击盆地与全球白垩纪-古近纪（K-Pg）边界层联系起来；(4)尘埃、硫酸盐气溶胶和烟尘的关键大气输入证据；所有这些都可能导致全球变冷和光合作用的减少，从而导致物种灭绝；(5)陨石坑上海洋生物的迅速恢复，包括在100万年以前向多样化的浮游生物群落过渡之前部分由微小浮游生物驱动的初级演替；(6)66万年以后埋藏的峰环中存在一个长期存在的热液系统，其中存在现存的嗜热生物。希克苏鲁伯陨石坑代表了非凡的科学机遇，因为它连接了行星科学、撞击动力学和天体生物学；综合这些发现，继续揭示小行星撞击作为一个主要的地质和生物过程的变革力量。

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来源期刊

Marine Geology 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

6.90%

发文量

175

审稿时长

21.9 weeks

期刊介绍： Marine Geology is the premier international journal on marine geological processes in the broadest sense. We seek papers that are comprehensive, interdisciplinary and synthetic that will be lasting contributions to the field. Although most papers are based on regional studies, they must demonstrate new findings of international significance. We accept papers on subjects as diverse as seafloor hydrothermal systems, beach dynamics, early diagenesis, microbiological studies in sediments, palaeoclimate studies and geophysical studies of the seabed. We encourage papers that address emerging new fields, for example the influence of anthropogenic processes on coastal/marine geology and coastal/marine geoarchaeology. We insist that the papers are concerned with the marine realm and that they deal with geology: with rocks, sediments, and physical and chemical processes affecting them. Papers should address scientific hypotheses: highly descriptive data compilations or papers that deal only with marine management and risk assessment should be submitted to other journals. Papers on laboratory or modelling studies must demonstrate direct relevance to marine processes or deposits. The primary criteria for acceptance of papers is that the science is of high quality, novel, significant, and of broad international interest.