Antibiotic resistance and β-lactam resistant genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples from Kathmandu, Nepal.

IF 3.3 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance Pub Date : 2025-10-17 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186

Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Manash Shrestha, Nabaraj Shrestha, Komal Raj Rijal, Megha Raj Banjara

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and β-lactam resistant genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples from Kathmandu, Nepal.","authors":"Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Manash Shrestha, Nabaraj Shrestha, Komal Raj Rijal, Megha Raj Banjara","doi":"10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the antibiotic resistance and beta-lactam resistance genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples.Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical, poultry and river water samples collected during 2020-22. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests following the CLSI guidelines. The bacteria were screened for β-lactam resistance genes bla TEM, mcr-1, mecA and blaNDM-1 .Results: Among 2835 clinical samples, E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium (10.3%, 292), followed by S. aureus (6.0%, 169) and P. aeruginosa (4.0%, 143). Of the E. coli isolates, 64.4% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and 43.8% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, with 44.5% and 16.4% harbouring the blaTEM and mcr-1 genes, respectively. Among S. aureus isolates, 80.9% of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) carried the mecA gene, while 30.1% of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa were positive for the blaNDM-1 gene. In poultry samples, 30.4% of E. coli isolates harboured the blaTEM gene among 128 ESBL producers, and the prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates carrying mcr-1 was higher than in clinical samples. In contrast, the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and MRSA, along with their associated resistance genes, was lower in water samples.Conclusions: This study demonstrated widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production among clinical, poultry and river water bacterial isolates in the Kathmandu valley. Colistin-resistant E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with mecA and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa harboring blaNDM-1 were detected across sources. These findings emphasize an urgent One Health approach to curb the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in the region.","PeriodicalId":14594,"journal":{"name":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"7 5","pages":"dlaf186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12531798/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To assess the antibiotic resistance and beta-lactam resistance genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples.

Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical, poultry and river water samples collected during 2020-22. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests following the CLSI guidelines. The bacteria were screened for β-lactam resistance genes bla _TEM, mcr-1, mecA and bla_NDM-1 .

Results: Among 2835 clinical samples, E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium (10.3%, 292), followed by S. aureus (6.0%, 169) and P. aeruginosa (4.0%, 143). Of the E. coli isolates, 64.4% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and 43.8% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, with 44.5% and 16.4% harbouring the blaTEM and mcr-1 genes, respectively. Among S. aureus isolates, 80.9% of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) carried the mecA gene, while 30.1% of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa were positive for the blaNDM-1 gene. In poultry samples, 30.4% of E. coli isolates harboured the blaTEM gene among 128 ESBL producers, and the prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates carrying mcr-1 was higher than in clinical samples. In contrast, the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and MRSA, along with their associated resistance genes, was lower in water samples.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production among clinical, poultry and river water bacterial isolates in the Kathmandu valley. Colistin-resistant E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with mecA and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa harboring blaNDM-1 were detected across sources. These findings emphasize an urgent One Health approach to curb the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

尼泊尔加德满都临床、河水和家禽样本中分离细菌的抗生素耐药性和β-内酰胺耐药基因

目的：评价临床、河水和家禽分离的细菌对抗生素的耐药性和对β -内酰胺的耐药基因。方法：从2020- 2022年采集的临床、家禽和河流水样中分离金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。他们按照CLSI指南进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验。筛选β-内酰胺耐药基因bla TEM、mcr-1、mecA和blaNDM-1。结果：2835份临床样本中，大肠杆菌的分离率最高（10.3%，292份），其次是金黄色葡萄球菌（6.0%，169份）和铜绿假单胞菌（4.0%，143份）。64.4%的菌株具有多药耐药（MDR）， 43.8%的菌株具有广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）产生菌，其中44.5%的菌株携带blaTEM基因，16.4%的菌株携带mcr-1基因。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，80.9%的耐甲氧西林菌株（MRSA）携带mecA基因，30.1%的产金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL） P. aeruginosa携带blaNDM-1基因。在家禽样本中，在128个ESBL生产者中，30.4%的大肠杆菌分离株携带blaTEM基因，携带mcr-1的耐粘菌素分离株的患病率高于临床样本。相比之下，水样中产生esbl的大肠杆菌和MRSA及其相关耐药基因的发生率较低。结论：该研究表明加德满都山谷的临床、家禽和河水分离细菌中广泛存在多药耐药（MDR）和ESBL产生。携带mcr-1基因的耐粘菌素大肠杆菌，携带mecA的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和携带blaNDM-1基因的产生金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL）的铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa）在不同来源均被检测到。这些发现强调，迫切需要采取“同一个健康”方针来遏制该地区日益严重的抗菌素耐药性威胁。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊