Patterns, facilitators, and barriers of physical activity and the association of physical activity with psychological outcomes and musculoskeletal disorders among occupational drivers in Pakistan

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Transport & Health Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jth.2025.102191

Alam Zeb , Annick Timmermans , An Neven , Chris Burtin , Lotte Janssens , Marieke De Craemer , Zardad Khan , Aatik Arsh , Jonas Verbrugghe

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Occupational drivers are at higher risk of psychological distress and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to their sedentary jobs. However, limited evidence shows how barriers and facilitators affect drivers' physical activity (PA) and how these factors are associated with psychological outcomes and MSDs. This study assessed PA profiles, sitting time, PA-related barriers and facilitators, psychological outcomes, and MSDs among Pakistani drivers and examined associations between these factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study recruited 300 occupational drivers in Pakistan. Data were collected through Qualtrics using validated questionnaires, including the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Barriers to Being Physically Active Quiz, Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and specific disability questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multivariable regression were performed.

Results

Findings showed that 5 % had low, 63 % had moderate, and 32 % had high PA levels. Participants engaged in 7.5 ± 5.8 h of light PA, 3.3 ± 4.3 h of moderate-to-vigorous PA, and 103.0 ± 50.8 h of sitting per week. PA barriers (lack of energy, time, and resources) were negatively correlated with PA (r = −0.16 to −0.21, p < 0.01), while physical and psychological conditions were reported as facilitators. Moderate to extremely severe depression (53 %), anxiety (58 %), and stress (41 %) were prevalent, but regression showed no associations with PA. MSD prevalence was 65 %, with low back pain (41 %) being the most common. PA showed a protective effect on overall MSDs and low back pain.

Conclusions

Despite moderate to high PA levels, drivers remained sedentary and faced various barriers to PA participation. Workplace interventions addressing PA barriers, mental health, and MSD are needed.

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巴基斯坦职业司机身体活动的模式、促进因素和障碍以及身体活动与心理结果和肌肉骨骼疾病的关系

背景职业司机由于久坐不动的工作，心理困扰和肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）的风险更高。然而，有限的证据表明障碍和促进因素如何影响司机的身体活动（PA），以及这些因素如何与心理结果和msd相关。本研究评估了巴基斯坦司机的PA概况、坐着时间、PA相关障碍和促进因素、心理结果和msd，并检查了这些因素之间的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法，在巴基斯坦招募300名职业司机。数据通过质量测量法收集，使用有效的问卷，包括简短的国际体育活动问卷、体育活动障碍测验、体育活动和休闲动机量表、抑郁焦虑压力量表和特定残疾问卷。进行描述性统计、相关分析和多变量回归分析。结果：5%的患者PA水平较低，63%为中等水平，32%为高水平。参与者每周进行7.5±5.8小时轻度PA， 3.3±4.3小时中度至剧烈PA和103.0±50.8小时坐着。PA障碍（缺乏精力、时间和资源）与PA呈负相关（r = - 0.16至- 0.21,p < 0.01），而生理和心理条件被认为是促进因素。中度至极重度抑郁（53%）、焦虑（58%）和压力（41%）普遍存在，但回归显示与PA没有关联。MSD患病率为65%，最常见的是腰痛（41%）。PA对总体MSDs和腰痛有保护作用。结论：尽管PA水平中高，但司机仍然久坐不动，并面临各种PA参与障碍。需要针对PA障碍、心理健康和MSD的工作场所干预措施。

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