Numerical modeling and validation for transport behaviors of tracer gas in the European tracer experiment (ETEX-1)

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Annals of Nuclear Energy Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.anucene.2025.111953

Zhenhui Ma, Xiuhuan Tang, Longbo Liu, Lihong Bao, Baosheng Wang, Tengyue Ma, Pan Hu, Yonggang Zhangsun, Chunlei Su

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Abstract

The European Tracer Experiment (ETEX-1) was conducted across Europe by European Commission, World Meteorological Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency jointly on October 26th, 1994. In the experiment, PMCH (Perflouro-Methyl-Cyclo-Hexane) was adopted as tracer gas, and it was released from Monterfil, France for nearly 24 hours. Totally 168 observation stations for PMCH were settled in different countries in Europe to observe time-varying concentration for arriving tracer gas. This study established a numerical method for simulating tracer gas transport using the meteorology-air quality coupling model WRF-CMAQ and applied this method to simulate tracer gas transport during ETEX-1. On the basis of simulation results for PMCH concentration in atmosphere, transport characteristics can be analyzed in detail. According to simulation results, 72 hours after release, tracer gas could influence most part of central and southeast Europe. Furthermore, gas concentrations at different times from simulation results were compared with data observed from representative observation stations. Finally, a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the model’s performance in meso-scale atmospheric transport simulation. According to analysis results for statistical indicators, although the value of FB was slightly lower than the recommended distribution range (FB = −0.308, recommended distribution range: −0.3 ∼ 0.3), Correlational Coefficient (r = 0.275, recommended distribution range: −1.0 ∼ 1.0) and NMSE (NMSE = 1.26, recommended distribution range: <4.0) were both in the acceptable distribution range, which means the present model is comparable with other models, even show better performance in analysis for some statistical indicators.

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欧洲示踪实验（ETEX-1）中示踪气体输运行为的数值模拟与验证

欧洲示踪剂实验（ETEX-1）于1994年10月26日由欧盟委员会、世界气象组织和国际原子能机构联合在欧洲各地进行。实验采用PMCH （perflouro - methyl - cyclohexane）作为示踪气体，从法国Monterfil释放近24小时。在欧洲不同国家共建立了168个PMCH观测站，观测到达的示踪气体浓度随时间变化的情况。本文利用气象-空气质量耦合模式WRF-CMAQ建立了一种模拟示踪气体输运的数值方法，并将该方法应用于ETEX-1期间的示踪气体输运模拟。在大气PMCH浓度模拟结果的基础上，详细分析了PMCH的输运特征。根据模拟结果，释放后72小时，示踪气体可以影响中欧和东南欧的大部分地区。并将模拟结果与代表性观测站观测数据进行了对比。最后，对该模式在中尺度大气输送模拟中的性能进行了综合统计分析。统计指标分析结果显示，虽然FB值略低于推荐分布范围（FB = - 0.308，推荐分布范围：- 0.3 ~ 0.3），但相关系数（r = 0.275，推荐分布范围：- 1.0 ~ 1.0）和NMSE (NMSE = 1.26，推荐分布范围：<4.0)都在可接受的分布范围内，这意味着本模型与其他模型具有可比性，甚至在分析某些统计指标时表现出更好的性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Nuclear Energy 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

21.10%

发文量

632

审稿时长

7.3 months

期刊介绍： Annals of Nuclear Energy provides an international medium for the communication of original research, ideas and developments in all areas of the field of nuclear energy science and technology. Its scope embraces nuclear fuel reserves, fuel cycles and cost, materials, processing, system and component technology (fission only), design and optimization, direct conversion of nuclear energy sources, environmental control, reactor physics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics, structural analysis, fuel management, future developments, nuclear fuel and safety, nuclear aerosol, neutron physics, computer technology (both software and hardware), risk assessment, radioactive waste disposal and reactor thermal hydraulics. Papers submitted to Annals need to demonstrate a clear link to nuclear power generation/nuclear engineering. Papers which deal with pure nuclear physics, pure health physics, imaging, or attenuation and shielding properties of concretes and various geological materials are not within the scope of the journal. Also, papers that deal with policy or economics are not within the scope of the journal.