Compensated biological effective dose in extended radiotherapy course via a time-modified linear quadratic model for biological adaptive radiotherapy

Abstract

Purpose

Interruptions during radiotherapy, such as holidays or equipment issues, can decrease the biological effective dose (BED) and compromise treatment outcomes. Although the decrease in BED has been previously investigated, a detailed evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) BED distribution and a direct compensation method integrated with treatment planning systems is missing. We aimed to address the decrease in BED due to unexpected interruptions during radiotherapy by developing a workflow to generate deliverable treatment plans based on a modified linear-quadratic (mLQ) model.

Methods

We analyzed 81 head-and-neck cases treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy, including 25 single prescription (SRx) and 56 simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) cases. The decrease in BED was calculated using the mLQ model based on treatment duration (TD) from the record & verify system. A base plan was generated using compensating factors (CFs) derived from the mLQ model, and a composite plan was created using existing optimization settings. Compensated and original plans were compared using biological dose-volume histogram (BDVH) parameters and homogeneity index (HI).

Results

The relative BED was 95.3% $\pm$ 2.9% and 93.9% $\pm$ 2.2% of the OP with TD from the R&V system. The standard deviation (SD) of the difference in the BED covering 98%, 50%, and 2% of the PTV of OP and CCP was approximately 2%. The difference in the HI was 0.6% $\pm$ 1.5%.

Conclusion

We developed a workflow to generate clinically deliverable plans that compensate for the decrease in BED due to treatment interruptions using the mLQ model. This approach may facilitate rapid compensation planning in clinical radiotherapy settings.