Numerical investigation of high birefringence dynamics in simple hexagonal photonic crystal fiber

Abstract

This research article introduces a modified structure of a Hexagonal cladding photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) which simultaneously achieved a large birefringence and low negative flattened dispersion which is highly compatible for medical imaging, sensing and distortion less data transmission. The optical characteristics of the HC-PCF are analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM) embodied with an entirely resembled circular boundary. For the optimum geometrical parameters, the HC-PCF shows average large birefringence of 0.041 across average negative dispersion − 275 ps nm⁻¹ km⁻¹ and − 75 ps nm⁻¹ km⁻¹ for X and Y polarization where the conducting bandwidth was 1800 nm (1.2–3.0 μm). Altering the pitch and radius of the circle yields an equivalent optimum result, assuming a fabrication tolerance of approximately ± 2%. The proposed HC-PCF can be utilized in applications such as polarized data transmission, medical applications, various sensing utilities and so on. The proposed HC-PCF structure stands out due to its design simplicity, enhanced birefringence, low flattened dispersion, and very low confinement loss—making it highly suitable for applications such as polarization-maintaining data transmission, medical imaging, and sensing in a wide spectral range. In conclusion, the structure provides an efficient and fabrication-tolerant solution for broadband birefringent applications, offering a strong balance between optical performance and practical feasibility.