An empirical study on the impact of genetics and gender and its consequences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract

Background: Gender-associated variations in phenotypic expression and their consequences are established in numerous cardiac circumstances. However, their impact is questionable in the case of HCM.

Objective: To investigate the demographic and clinical profiles of the HCM patients. Also, to compare the echocardiographic features according to the HCM subtypes in the study populace.

Methodology: The present study was conducted at the DMCH, Ludhiana, from March 2019 to May 2021, using a prospective observational and non-blinded design. The data regarding demographic and clinical profile are gathered for the specified duration. The clinical features are confirmed through the Echocardiography. The gathered data are analyzed through chi-square to determine the differences among the groups with the aid of the SPSS tool.

Results and discussion: The demographic profiles and clinical assessment of 103 patients are analyzed. The subjective assessment reveals that HCM is predominantly in males in a ratio of 2.1:1. Dyspnea is a chief complaint of both genders (77.67%). Apical type is prevalent in male HCM patients. MYBPC3 and MYH7 are the general mutations found in the genetic tests. SCD is found in patients possessing this type of genetic mutation. The non-obstructive type is more common than the obstructive type.

Conclusions: HCM is a chronic disease and causes morbidity as well as mortality globally. HCM patients are vulnerable to SCD and stroke. These risk factors rely on the diagnosis associated with age, gender, obstruction, obesity, and coronary diseases. Hence, the present research on the demographic characteristics of HCM patients promotes awareness regarding the complications among the Indian populace.