Investigation on leakage and rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seal in rotor-stator disk cavity considering centrifugal and thermal effects

IF 5.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Aerospace Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.ast.2025.111009

Xianci Xie , Dan Sun , Guozhe Ren , Huan Zhao , Zemin Yang , Yizhen Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The leakage and rotordynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals in rotor-stator disk cavities are significantly influenced by their actual working clearance. In this study, the labyrinth seal of a certain aero-engine’s balance piston cavity was investigated. Firstly, a numerical model for fluid-structure-thermal coupling was established to calculate the realistic working clearance of the labyrinth seal under the combined effects of centrifugal and thermal deformations. Then, a multi-frequency elliptical whirl model was developed utilizing unsteady dynamic mesh technology to investigate the leakage and rotordynamic characteristics of the labyrinth seal. The impacts of operational parameters on centrifugal and thermal deformations of the labyrinth disk were analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of clearance variations in the labyrinth disk under actual working conditions on the leakage and rotordynamic characteristics of the seal was systematically investigated. The results show that compared with the design clearance, the sealing clearance is reduced by 34.9% when considering centrifugal and thermal deformations. Under the combined effects of centrifugal and thermal deformations, the leakage of the labyrinth seal decreases. Compared with cases where these factors are not considered, the leakage is reduced by 60.1%. The centrifugal and thermal deformations of the rotor influence the seal’s rotordynamic characteristics. The effective damping increases by 60.3% when considering centrifugal and thermal deformations, consequently improving the stability of the rotor system. The centrifugal and thermal deformations of the rotor augment the phase lag between the peak gas pressure and the maximum clearance within the seal, leading to a greater negative tangential force and enhancing the stability of the rotor system. The integrated fluid-thermal-structural coupling method demonstrates that realistic clearance effects can enhance the predictive accuracy of labyrinth seal rotordynamic characteristics by approximately 60.3%.

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考虑离心和热效应的动静盘腔迷宫密封泄漏及转子动力学特性研究

实际工作间隙对动静盘腔迷宫密封的泄漏和转子动力学特性有显著影响。对某型航空发动机平衡活塞腔的迷宫密封进行了研究。首先，建立了流固热耦合的数值模型，计算了离心变形和热变形共同作用下篦齿密封的实际工作间隙。然后，利用非定常动网格技术建立了多频椭圆旋流模型，研究了篦齿密封的泄漏和转子动力学特性。分析了操作参数对迷宫盘离心变形和热变形的影响。在此基础上，系统研究了实际工况下迷宫盘间隙变化对密封泄漏和转子动力学特性的影响。结果表明：与设计间隙相比，考虑离心变形和热变形后的密封间隙减小34.9%；在离心变形和热变形的共同作用下，迷宫密封的泄漏量减小。与不考虑这些因素的情况相比，泄漏减少了60.1%。转子的离心变形和热变形影响密封的转子动态特性。考虑离心变形和热变形后，有效阻尼提高60.3%，提高了转子系统的稳定性。转子的离心变形和热变形增加了峰值气体压力与密封内最大间隙之间的相位滞后，导致更大的负切向力，增强了转子系统的稳定性。综合流-热-结构耦合方法表明，实际间隙效应可使迷宫密封转子动力特性的预测精度提高约60.3%。

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来源期刊

Aerospace Science and Technology 工程技术-工程：宇航

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

28.60%

发文量

654

审稿时长

54 days

期刊介绍： Aerospace Science and Technology publishes articles of outstanding scientific quality. Each article is reviewed by two referees. The journal welcomes papers from a wide range of countries. This journal publishes original papers, review articles and short communications related to all fields of aerospace research, fundamental and applied, potential applications of which are clearly related to: • The design and the manufacture of aircraft, helicopters, missiles, launchers and satellites • The control of their environment • The study of various systems they are involved in, as supports or as targets. Authors are invited to submit papers on new advances in the following topics to aerospace applications: • Fluid dynamics • Energetics and propulsion • Materials and structures • Flight mechanics • Navigation, guidance and control • Acoustics • Optics • Electromagnetism and radar • Signal and image processing • Information processing • Data fusion • Decision aid • Human behaviour • Robotics and intelligent systems • Complex system engineering. Etc.