Comparative Numerical Investigation on Behavior of Ordinary and Bio‐Grouted Stone Columns in Clay

IF 3.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
Xiaocong Cai, Ling Zhang
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Abstract

The application of biochemical reinforcement techniques in ordinary stone columns (OSCs) has garnered considerable interest, with scarce investigations into their micromechanical behavior and particle‐scale interactions. Three‐dimensional discrete‐element method (DEM) models are developed to analyze the micromechanical behavior of bio‐grouted stone columns (BSCs) and OSCs in clay under vertical loading. The DEM models of clay foundation, OSC, and BSC are successively verified by experimental works. The column‐soil stress ratio (n), radial stress coefficient (Kps), contact force distribution, porosity change, coordination number, and load‐displacement behavior of BSC and OSC were compared. Furthermore, the effects of contact‐bond strength (σcb), column length‐to‐foundation thickness (L/H), area replacement ratio (Ar), relative density (Dr), loading plate diameter‐to‐column diameter (DL/D), sand particle size‐to‐clay particle size ratio (Ss/Sc) on the behavior of BSC and OSC are systematically investigated and evaluated through a parametric study. The numerical results show that the bulging forms at the bottom of the BSC and within 3D in OSC. The passive earth pressure coefficient (Kp) design method underestimates the bearing capacity of BSC but overestimates that of OSC and geosynthetic‐encased stone column (GESC). Dilation is observed in OSC, whereas compression occurs in BSC. Short‐floating BSCs with an L/H less than 0.33 are not recommended in deep clay deposits. Large‐diameter GESC exhibits a lower bearing capacity, in contrast to the large‐diameter BSC. The bearing capacity of BSC with an Ss/Sc of 2.5–3.5 is similar to the OSC, indicating that the change in size of column material from reduced‐scale models to field‐scale implementations requires careful consideration.
粘土中普通与生物灌浆石柱性能的数值对比研究
生物化学加固技术在普通石柱(OSCs)中的应用已经引起了相当大的兴趣,但对其微观力学行为和颗粒尺度相互作用的研究很少。建立了三维离散元法(DEM)模型,分析了黏土中生物灌浆石柱(BSCs)和石柱(osc)在竖向荷载作用下的微观力学行为。通过实验对粘土基础、盐砂和平衡平衡层的DEM模型进行了验证。比较了柱土应力比(n)、径向应力系数(Kps)、接触力分布、孔隙度变化、配位数、荷载-位移特性。此外,通过参数化研究,系统地研究了接触粘结强度(σcb)、柱长与基础厚度(L/H)、面积置换比(Ar)、相对密度(Dr)、加载板直径与柱直径(DL/D)、砂粒尺寸与粘土粒尺寸比(Ss/Sc)对BSC和OSC行为的影响。数值计算结果表明,胀形主要发生在平衡板底部和三维范围内。被动土压力系数(Kp)设计方法低估了BSC的承载力,而高估了OSC和GESC的承载力。OSC出现扩张,BSC出现压缩。L/H小于0.33的短浮BSCs不推荐用于深部粘土沉积物。与大直径BSC相比,大直径GESC表现出较低的承载能力。Ss/Sc为2.5-3.5的平衡支撑柱的承载力与盐含量相似,这表明从缩尺模型到现场尺度实现的柱料尺寸变化需要仔细考虑。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
12.50%
发文量
160
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The journal welcomes manuscripts that substantially contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanical behaviour of geomaterials (soils, rocks, concrete, ice, snow, and powders), through innovative experimental techniques, and/or through the development of novel numerical or hybrid experimental/numerical modelling concepts in geomechanics. Topics of interest include instabilities and localization, interface and surface phenomena, fracture and failure, multi-physics and other time-dependent phenomena, micromechanics and multi-scale methods, and inverse analysis and stochastic methods. Papers related to energy and environmental issues are particularly welcome. The illustration of the proposed methods and techniques to engineering problems is encouraged. However, manuscripts dealing with applications of existing methods, or proposing incremental improvements to existing methods – in particular marginal extensions of existing analytical solutions or numerical methods – will not be considered for review.
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