Thermodynamic analysis and shadow bound of black holes surrounded by a dark matter halo

IF 4.8 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS

The European Physical Journal C Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14861-z

Yun Soo Myung

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We perform the thermodynamic analysis of a black hole (BH) immersed in a dark matter halo (DMH). It is shown that the BH could not be in thermal equilibrium with the DMH in any regions outside the event horizon. This means that the thermodynamic influence of the environment (DMH) is relatively small on the BH. Importantly, it does not alter the nature of the negative heat capacity for the BH. We stress that the Newtonian \((1/a_0)\) approximation gives us a correct thermodynamic description for the BH surrounded by DMH because the first law of thermodynamics and Smarr formula are satisfied. Hence, the Newtonian Helmholtz free energy is employed to reveal that there is the absence of phase transition to other BH with a positive heat capacity. Finally, we investigate the shadow bound of favored region for the BH immersed in the DMH by comparing EHT observations.

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被暗物质晕包围的黑洞的热力学分析和阴影边界

我们进行了一个黑洞（BH）沉浸在一个暗物质晕（DMH）热力学分析。结果表明，在视界以外的任何区域，黑洞都不可能与双黑洞处于热平衡状态。这意味着环境（DMH）对黑洞的热力学影响相对较小。重要的是，它不会改变黑洞负热容的性质。我们强调牛顿\((1/a_0)\)近似给出了被DMH包围的黑洞的正确热力学描述，因为它满足热力学第一定律和Smarr公式。因此，利用牛顿亥姆霍兹自由能揭示了不存在向其他具有正热容的黑洞的相变。最后，我们通过比较EHT观测结果，研究了黑洞在DMH中的有利区域的阴影边界。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

The European Physical Journal C 物理-物理：粒子与场物理

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

15.90%

发文量

1008

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Experimental Physics I: Accelerator Based High-Energy Physics Hadron and lepton collider physics Lepton-nucleon scattering High-energy nuclear reactions Standard model precision tests Search for new physics beyond the standard model Heavy flavour physics Neutrino properties Particle detector developments Computational methods and analysis tools Experimental Physics II: Astroparticle Physics Dark matter searches High-energy cosmic rays Double beta decay Long baseline neutrino experiments Neutrino astronomy Axions and other weakly interacting light particles Gravitational waves and observational cosmology Particle detector developments Computational methods and analysis tools Theoretical Physics I: Phenomenology of the Standard Model and Beyond Electroweak interactions Quantum chromo dynamics Heavy quark physics and quark flavour mixing Neutrino physics Phenomenology of astro- and cosmoparticle physics Meson spectroscopy and non-perturbative QCD Low-energy effective field theories Lattice field theory High temperature QCD and heavy ion physics Phenomenology of supersymmetric extensions of the SM Phenomenology of non-supersymmetric extensions of the SM Model building and alternative models of electroweak symmetry breaking Flavour physics beyond the SM Computational algorithms and tools...etc.