Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) exhibit binge-feeding and digestive flexibility during seasonal resource pulses associated with salmon migrations.

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES
Adam M Kanigan, Scott G Hinch, Andrew G Lotto, Patrick Zubick, Nathan B Furey
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Resource pulses are infrequent, ephemeral events of resource hyperabundance that can represent important feeding opportunities for consumers. To capitalize on pulsed resources, consumers can exhibit behavioural and physiological traits including binge-feeding and phenotypic plasticity of digestive physiology, although expression of these traits has not been observed simultaneously. Further, past studies of binge-feeding have largely focused on times and locations where resources were highly concentrated, ignoring potential temporal and spatial variation in consumer responses. We investigated these traits in bull trout Salvelinus confluentus that experience seasonal resource pulses associated with the spring migration of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts and their fall spawning migrations in a large lake-river system. We also examined spatial variation in S. confluentus diet and feeding behaviour within seasons to explore associations with proximity to aggregated salmon. To do this, we collected S. confluentus stomach contents and analysed consumption rates across seasons and capture locations. We also investigated if the size of digestive organs changed with season. In the spring and fall, S. confluentus consumed O. nerka smolts and eggs, respectively, at high rates, with consumption often exceeding theoretical daily maximums by up to 21.50-fold in the spring and 7.69-fold in the fall. The degree of binge-feeding was correlated with proximity to the lake outlet where smolts and spawning salmon congregate, increasing by 1.21-fold in the spring and 2.78-fold in the late fall for each ~13-km shift in capture location towards the outlet. Salvelinus confluentus also exhibited larger digestive organs during the spring and fall, while the same organs were atrophied during the summer. Our results indicate that a single consumer population can exhibit both behavioural and physiological responses to resource pulses, and that exploitation can vary along a spatial gradient of presumed resource availability. These responses emphasize the importance of resource pulses to consumers and the potential for intra-population differences in consumer responses to transient feeding opportunities.

鳟鱼(Salvelinus confluentus)在与鲑鱼迁徙相关的季节性资源脉冲期间表现出大量摄食和消化灵活性。
资源脉冲是不频繁的、短暂的资源过剩事件,它可以代表消费者的重要喂养机会。为了利用脉冲资源,消费者可以表现出行为和生理特征,包括暴饮暴食和消化生理的表型可塑性,尽管这些特征的表达尚未同时观察到。此外,过去关于暴饮暴食的研究主要集中在资源高度集中的时间和地点,忽视了消费者反应的潜在时空变化。在一个大型湖泊-河流系统中,我们研究了与红鲑(Oncorhynchus nerka)幼崽春季洄游和秋季产卵洄游相关的季节性资源脉动的牛鳟(Salvelinus confluentus)的这些特征。我们还研究了合流鲑的饮食和摄食行为在季节中的空间变化,以探索与聚集鲑鱼接近的关系。为此,我们收集了合流沙鼠胃内容物,并分析了不同季节和捕获地点的食用量。我们还调查了消化器官的大小是否随季节而变化。在春季和秋季,合流河鼠分别以较高的速率消耗幼鱼和卵,其消耗往往超过理论日最大值,春季和秋季分别高达21.50倍和7.69倍。与小鲑鱼和产卵鲑鱼聚集的湖泊出口的距离有关,捕获地点每向出口移动约13公里,春季增加1.21倍,深秋增加2.78倍。在春季和秋季,小鼠尾草的消化器官也会变大,而在夏季,相同的器官会萎缩。我们的研究结果表明,单个消费者群体可以对资源脉冲表现出行为和生理反应,并且开发可以沿着假定资源可用性的空间梯度变化。这些反应强调了资源脉动对消费者的重要性,以及消费者对短暂进食机会的反应可能存在种群内差异。
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来源期刊
Journal of fish biology
Journal of fish biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
10.00%
发文量
292
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Fish Biology is a leading international journal for scientists engaged in all aspects of fishes and fisheries research, both fresh water and marine. The journal publishes high-quality papers relevant to the central theme of fish biology and aims to bring together under one cover an overall picture of the research in progress and to provide international communication among researchers in many disciplines with a common interest in the biology of fish.
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