Brugia malayi and other filarial parasite species in animals in areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis in Belitung District, Indonesia.

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-07 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013593

Irina Diekmann, Taniawati Supali, Kerstin Fischer, Elisa Iskandar, Noviani Sugianto, Yossi Destani, Rahmat Alfian, Gary J Weil, Peter U Fischer

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Abstract

Background: Brugia malayi is the most common cause of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Indonesia. A zoophilic ecotype that infects both humans and animals occur in Belitung District in Indonesia. The district received five annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) between 2006 and 2010 and passed three transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in subsequent years. However, a survey in five villages in 2021 showed a microfilaria (Mf) prevalence of 2.1% in humans. The reappearance of B. malayi infection in humans may be due to reintroduction from animal reservoirs. The goal of this study was to determine B. malayi prevalence in potential reservoir hosts and to improve the identification of filarial Mf found in animals.

Methodology/principal findings: Venous blood was collected from 291 cats, 41 dogs, and 163 crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from areas with and without human B. malayi infection. B. malayi Mf were detected by microscopy in 1.4%, 7.3% and 13.5% of the samples, respectively. The geometric mean Mf density varied from 133 Mf/mL(dogs) to 255 Mf/mL (macaques). While Brugia Mf were easily differentiated from Dirofilaria Mf by microscopy, the morphological differentiation between B. malayi and B. pahangi was not reliable. qPCR detected B. malayi DNA in blood from 4.1% of cats, 2.4% dogs, and 13.5% macaques. In addition, infections or co-infection with B. pahangi (cats, dogs) or D. immitis (dogs) were detected. A novel Dirofilaria species was morphologically identified in 20.3% of macaques.

Conclusions/significance: Microscopy was less accurate for detection and species identification of Mf than qPCR. The presence of B. malayi Mf in animals represents a challenge for the elimination of LF in some areas in Indonesia. More research is needed to better understand B. malayi transmission between animals and humans in endemic areas like Belitung where routine MDA may not be sufficient to eliminate LF.

查看原文本刊更多论文

印度尼西亚勿里洞区淋巴丝虫病流行地区动物中的马来布鲁氏菌和其他丝虫病种。

背景：马来布鲁吉亚是印度尼西亚淋巴丝虫病（LF）最常见的病因。印度尼西亚勿里洞地区出现了一种既感染人类也感染动物的嗜动物生态型。该地区在2006年至2010年期间接受了五次年度大规模药物管理（MDA），并在随后几年中通过了三次传播评估调查（TAS）。然而，2021年在5个村庄进行的一项调查显示，微丝虫在人类中的流行率为2.1%。马来亚芽胞杆菌感染在人类中的再次出现可能是由于从动物宿主重新引入。本研究的目的是确定马来芽孢杆菌在潜在宿主中的流行情况，并提高在动物中发现的丝虫Mf的鉴定。方法/主要发现：采集了291只猫、41只狗和163只食蟹猕猴（Macaca fascicularis）的静脉血，这些食蟹猕猴来自有和没有人类马来杆菌感染的地区。显微镜下检出马来芽孢杆菌Mf的比例分别为1.4%、7.3%和13.5%。几何平均Mf密度从133 Mf/mL（狗）到255 Mf/mL（猕猴）不等。在显微镜下可以很容易地将Brugia Mf与Dirofilaria Mf区分开来，而马来芽孢杆菌与pahangi芽孢杆菌的形态学区分则不可靠。qPCR在4.1%的猫、2.4%的狗和13.5%的猕猴血液中检测到马来马来杆菌DNA。此外，还发现猫、犬感染或共感染帕汉吉布氏杆菌或犬感染帕汉吉布氏杆菌。在20.3%的猕猴中发现了一种新的Dirofilaria。结论/意义：显微镜检测和鉴定Mf的准确性低于qPCR。在印度尼西亚的一些地区，动物中存在马来芽孢杆菌对消灭LF构成了挑战。需要进行更多的研究，以更好地了解在别里洞等流行地区马芽胞杆菌在动物和人类之间的传播，常规的丙二醛可能不足以消除LF。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PARASITOLOGY-TROPICAL MEDICINE

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10.50%

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723

期刊介绍： PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases publishes research devoted to the pathology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment and control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as relevant public policy. The NTDs are defined as a group of poverty-promoting chronic infectious diseases, which primarily occur in rural areas and poor urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries. Their impact on child health and development, pregnancy, and worker productivity, as well as their stigmatizing features limit economic stability. All aspects of these diseases are considered, including: Pathogenesis Clinical features Pharmacology and treatment Diagnosis Epidemiology Vector biology Vaccinology and prevention Demographic, ecological and social determinants Public health and policy aspects (including cost-effectiveness analyses).