Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: effects on thyroid cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling.

IF 33.9 1区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular Cancer Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1186/s12943-025-02470-z

Shouhua Li,Hengtong Han,Kaili Yang,Xiaoxiao Li,Libin Ma,Ze Yang,Yong-Xun Zhao

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Abstract

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the fundamental characteristics of thyroid cancer (TC), which meets its energy and biosynthetic demands through mitochondrial dysfunction, glycolysis activation, lipid metabolism imbalance, and glutamine dependency, thereby promoting metastasis and reshaping the immune microenvironment. Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in TC by delivering bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TC, exosomes secreted by both tumor and non-tumor cells interact with each other, driving metabolic reprogramming and forming a bidirectional regulatory network. This significantly alters the biological characteristics of TC cells, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the acquisition of drug resistance and immune tolerance, ultimately influencing the process of immune escape in TC. This review systematically summarizes how exosomes in the TME of TC promote tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with locally advanced, radioiodine-refractory TC.

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外泌体介导的代谢重编程：对甲状腺癌进展和肿瘤微环境重塑的影响。

代谢重编程是甲状腺癌（TC）的基本特征之一，通过线粒体功能障碍、糖酵解激活、脂质代谢失衡和谷氨酰胺依赖来满足其能量和生物合成需求，从而促进转移和重塑免疫微环境。外泌体作为细胞外囊泡，通过传递生物活性分子（如蛋白质、脂质和核酸）在TC中起着至关重要的作用。在TC的肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment， TME）中，肿瘤细胞和非肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体相互作用，驱动代谢重编程，形成双向调控网络。这显著改变了TC细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移、血管生成、获得耐药和免疫耐受等生物学特性，最终影响了TC的免疫逃逸过程。本文系统总结了TC TME中的外泌体如何通过代谢重编程促进肿瘤进展，为局部晚期放射性碘难治性TC患者提供新的诊断和治疗策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

54.90

自引率

2.70%

发文量

224

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Cancer is a platform that encourages the exchange of ideas and discoveries in the field of cancer research, particularly focusing on the molecular aspects. Our goal is to facilitate discussions and provide insights into various areas of cancer and related biomedical science. We welcome articles from basic, translational, and clinical research that contribute to the advancement of understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The scope of topics covered in Molecular Cancer is diverse and inclusive. These include, but are not limited to, cell and tumor biology, angiogenesis, utilizing animal models, understanding metastasis, exploring cancer antigens and the immune response, investigating cellular signaling and molecular biology, examining epidemiology, genetic and molecular profiling of cancer, identifying molecular targets, studying cancer stem cells, exploring DNA damage and repair mechanisms, analyzing cell cycle regulation, investigating apoptosis, exploring molecular virology, and evaluating vaccine and antibody-based cancer therapies. Molecular Cancer serves as an important platform for sharing exciting discoveries in cancer-related research. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to communicate information to both specialists and the general public. The online presence of Molecular Cancer enables immediate publication of accepted articles and facilitates the presentation of large datasets and supplementary information. This ensures that new research is efficiently and rapidly disseminated to the scientific community.