Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Nutrition: A Descriptive Comparison of ChatGPT- and Dietitian-Planned Diets for Chronic Disease Scenarios

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1111/jhn.70135

Tuba Onay, Duygu Bekar, Ezgi Çoban, Nergiz Doğan, Uğur Günşen

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Abstract

Purpose

Nutrition-related chronic diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increasing prevalence of obesity and changes in lifestyle and dietary behaviours have necessitated innovative approaches in nutritional care. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as potential aids in generating personalized dietary recommendations. However, their reliability and clinical utility remain underexplored.

Methods

This study aimed to assess the reliability and appropriateness of ChatGPT in creating diet plans for individuals with obesity and diet-related non-communicable chronic diseases. Dietary plans were generated by both a registered dietitian and ChatGPT for hypothetical individuals with identical clinical profiles and conditions. These plans were then evaluated comparatively in terms of nutritional adequacy, safety, individualization and practicality.

Results

ChatGPT-generated diets demonstrated notable deficiencies in meeting specific energy and nutrient requirements and lacked personalization based on individual health needs. In several cases, contraindicated foods were included. These findings highlight the potential risks of using AI tools in clinical dietetics without professional oversight. Ethical and safety considerations are critical when integrating AI into healthcare services.

Conclusion

ChatGPT cannot currently substitute for individualized dietary counselling provided by qualified dietitians, particularly due to its inability to offer tailored motivation, emotional support or clinically safe recommendations. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to optimize the role of AI in diet planning and to enhance its integration into personalized nutrition care.

Abstract Image

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临床营养中的人工智能：慢性疾病情景下ChatGPT和营养师计划饮食的描述性比较。

目的：与营养有关的慢性病是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。肥胖的日益流行以及生活方式和饮食行为的改变使营养保健方面的创新方法成为必要。在这种情况下，ChatGPT等人工智能（AI）工具已经成为生成个性化饮食建议的潜在辅助工具。然而，它们的可靠性和临床应用仍有待进一步研究。方法：本研究旨在评估ChatGPT在为肥胖和饮食相关非传染性慢性病患者制定饮食计划中的可靠性和适宜性。饮食计划由注册营养师和ChatGPT为具有相同临床概况和条件的假设个体制定。然后对这些计划在营养充足性、安全性、个体化和实用性方面进行比较评价。结果：chatgpt生成的饮食在满足特定能量和营养需求方面存在显着缺陷，并且缺乏基于个人健康需求的个性化。在一些案例中，包括了禁忌症食品。这些发现强调了在没有专业监督的情况下在临床营养学中使用人工智能工具的潜在风险。在将人工智能集成到医疗保健服务中时，道德和安全考虑至关重要。结论：ChatGPT目前不能替代由合格营养师提供的个性化饮食咨询，特别是因为它无法提供量身定制的动机、情感支持或临床安全的建议。然而，需要进一步的研究来优化人工智能在饮食计划中的作用，并加强其与个性化营养护理的结合。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.