Updates on Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, resistance, and emerging nanopharmaceutical strategies.

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1080/14787210.2025.2569831

Marilena Pariano, Matteo Puccetti, Consuelo Fabi, Emilia Nunzi, Sarah Balucchi, Luana Perioli, Maurizio Ricci, Stefano Giovagnoli, Enrico Garaci, Luigina Romani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Candidiasis comprises a spectrum of infections ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections caused by the opportunistic yeast, Candida, a genus containing several species of heterogeneous behavior and unique pathogenesis in the human host. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species. The aim of this review is to provide an update on pathogenesis, resistance and emerging therapeutic strategies in candidiasis, with a focus on C. albicans.

Areas covered: We discuss recent advancements that have deepened our understanding of Candida pathogenesis, particularly the roles of morphological plasticity, metabolic flexibility, biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and gut dysbiosis. We interrogated three major databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the latest (with emphasis on the works published in the last 5 years) developments in antifungal resistance trends, diagnostic innovations, and novel therapeutic strategies, including next-generation antifungals, combination therapies and nanopharmaceuticals. Additionally, we explore emerging strategies, such as probiotics, vaccines, and antifungal stewardship, and discuss the impact of post-COVID-19 immunosuppression, cancer therapies, and climate change on candidiasis epidemiology.

Expert opinion: The future of C. albicans management lies in personalized approaches, leveraging genomics, host-pathogen interactions and advanced drug-delivery platforms to combat resistance, overcome the limitations of current systemic therapy and improve patient outcomes.

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白色念珠菌感染的最新进展：发病机制、耐药性和新兴的纳米药物策略。

念珠菌病包括一系列感染，从浅表粘膜到危及生命的全身感染，由机会性酵母菌引起，念珠菌属，在人类宿主中包含几种异质行为和独特发病机制。白色念珠菌是最常见的种类。这篇综述的目的是提供关于念珠菌病的发病机制、耐药性和新兴治疗策略的最新进展，重点是白色念珠菌。涵盖领域：我们讨论了加深我们对念珠菌发病机制的理解的最新进展，特别是形态可塑性，代谢灵活性，生物膜形成，多药耐药和肠道生态失调的作用。我们检索了三个主要数据库，主要是PubMed、Scopus和谷歌Scholar，以获取抗真菌耐药性趋势、诊断创新和新治疗策略（包括下一代抗真菌药物、联合疗法和纳米药物）的最新进展（重点是最近5年发表的作品）。此外，我们探讨了新兴策略，如益生菌、疫苗和抗真菌管理，并讨论了covid -19后免疫抑制、癌症治疗和气候变化对念珠菌病流行病学的影响。专家意见：白色念珠菌管理的未来在于个性化的方法，利用基因组学、宿主-病原体相互作用和先进的给药平台来对抗耐药性，克服当前全身治疗的局限性，改善患者的预后。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 医学-药学

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy (ISSN 1478-7210) provides expert reviews on therapeutics and diagnostics in the treatment of infectious disease. Coverage includes antibiotics, drug resistance, drug therapy, infectious disease medicine, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral approaches, and diagnostic tests.