Surface modification of high-speed steels for enhancing hot hardness and high-temperature wear resistance via friction stir processing

IF 4.7 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131603

Xiaomi Chen , Quan Liu , Kun Liu , Jing Kong , Valentino A.M. Cristino , Kin Ho Lo , Chi Tat Kwok

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Abstract

In this work, friction stir processing (FSP) was proven to be an effective method for enhancing hot hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of the surface of M35 and M42 high-speed steels (HSSs). The microstructure of the FSPed HSSs contains martensitic matrix (α′) with the fine fragmented carbides (M₂C, M₆C, MC and M₇C₃) in stir zone (SZ). Compared to the quenched and tempered (QT) HSSs, FSPed M35 and M42 exhibited higher hardness (883.4 ± 4.9 HV_0.2 and 970.5 ± 3.0 HV_0.2 respectively) at 25 °C due to the increased martensite content and more refined and evenly distributed carbides. As the temperature increases, the hot hardness of both QT and FSPed HSSs decreases. Compared to the QT HSSs, the superior high-temperature wear resistance of the FSPed HSSs is attributed to the hard martensite, refined carbides and high hot hardness. The wear rate of the FSPed HSSs increases with the temperature, reaching its highest at 400 °C due to the softening effect and abrasive wear (as the P–B ratio of most oxides exceeds 2). The wear rate then decreases at 600 °C because of the presence of the thickest oxide glaze on the surface. Additionally, the high-temperature wear resistance the FSPed M35 is greater than that of the FSPed M42, due to the higher hot hardness, more oxides with P–B ratio between 1 and 2 and a thicker oxide layer. Thus, FSP is more effective than the traditional heat treatment in enhancing the hot hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of the HSSs.

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通过搅拌摩擦处理对高速钢进行表面改性以提高热硬度和高温耐磨性

研究结果表明，搅拌摩擦处理（FSP）是提高M35和M42高速钢表面热硬度和高温耐磨性的有效方法。FSPed高速钢的显微组织为马氏体基体（α′），搅拌区（SZ）有细小的碳化物（M2C、M6C、MC和M7C3）。与调质（QT） hss相比，FSPed M35和M42在25°C时的硬度分别为883.4±4.9 HV0.2和970.5±3.0 HV0.2，这是由于马氏体含量的增加和碳化物的细化和均匀分布。随着温度的升高，QT和FSPed高速钢的热硬度均降低。与QT高速钢相比，FSPed高速钢具有优异的高温耐磨性，这是由于其具有坚硬的马氏体、精炼的碳化物和较高的热硬度。FSPed高速钢的磨损率随温度升高而升高，在400℃时，由于软化作用和磨料磨损（大多数氧化物的P-B比超过2），其磨损率最高。在600°C时，磨损率下降，因为表面有最厚的氧化釉。此外，由于FSPed M35具有更高的热硬度，P-B比为1 / 2的氧化物较多，氧化层较厚，因此其高温耐磨性优于FSPed M42。因此，FSP比传统热处理更有效地提高了高速钢的热硬度和高温耐磨性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials Chemistry and Physics 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

4.30%

发文量

1515

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Materials Chemistry and Physics is devoted to short communications, full-length research papers and feature articles on interrelationships among structure, properties, processing and performance of materials. The Editors welcome manuscripts on thin films, surface and interface science, materials degradation and reliability, metallurgy, semiconductors and optoelectronic materials, fine ceramics, magnetics, superconductors, specialty polymers, nano-materials and composite materials.