Crab fluids as indicators of ecosystem health and exposure risk: development and validation of a method for bisphenol analogues detection

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine environmental research Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107574

Tamyris de A. Gondim , Gladston R.C. Junior , Francisco A.D. Filho , Rivelino M. Cavalcante

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Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method for the simultaneous detection of bisphenol analogues in the hemolymph and urine of two estuarine crab species: Ucides cordatus and Cardisoma guanhumi. The selected matrices are rarely explored in environmental studies, yet they provide valuable insight into internal exposure and contaminant bioaccumulation. Sampling was conducted in 2025 in two estuarine regions along the South Atlantic coast of northeastern Brazil: Fortim (Ceará) and Itapissuma (Pernambuco). The analytical method, based on HPLC-FLD, demonstrated high sensitivity, with LODs as low as 0.004 ng/mL. Bisphenol analogues concentrations were significantly higher in hemolymph than in urine, with BPA, BPF, and BPC frequently exceeding the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.004 μg/kg bw/day. The highest levels were observed in Fortim (Ceará), particularly in C. guanhumi, where bisphenol F reached over 200,000 ng/mL. These concentrations pose potential risks to aquatic organisms and human consumers, given that crab meat and cooking liquid are typically ingested together. HPLC-FLD is a reliable and accessible tool for bisphenol analogues monitoring, especially in low-resource environmental studies. Notably, all bisphenol analogues were detected in hemolymph, while some were absent in urine, reinforcing the former as a more representative matrix for chronic exposure. The presence of highly lipophilic and persistent bisphenol analogues, combined with their bioaccumulation potential, highlights the need for broader regulatory attention beyond BPA. This study demonstrates the relevance of crabs as effective bioindicators and supports the inclusion of alternative biological matrices in environmental risk assessment.

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螃蟹液体作为生态系统健康和暴露风险的指标：双酚类似物检测方法的开发和验证

本研究旨在建立并验证一种同时检测两种河口蟹（Ucides cordatus和Cardisoma guanhumi）血淋巴和尿液中双酚类似物的分析方法。所选择的基质很少在环境研究中探索，但它们为内部暴露和污染物生物积累提供了有价值的见解。2025年在巴西东北部南大西洋沿岸的两个河口地区：福尔提姆（塞埃尔）和Itapissuma（伯南布哥）进行了抽样。该方法灵敏度高，检出限低至0.004 ng/mL。血淋巴中双酚类似物浓度明显高于尿液，BPA、BPF和BPC经常超过耐受日摄入量（TDI） 0.004 μg/kg bw/day。双酚F含量最高的是福尔提姆（ceearm），特别是冠湖蜜，双酚F含量超过20万ng/mL。考虑到蟹肉和烹饪液通常是一起摄入的，这些浓度对水生生物和人类消费者构成潜在风险。HPLC-FLD是一种可靠的双酚类似物监测工具，特别是在低资源环境研究中。值得注意的是，所有双酚类似物都在血淋巴中检测到，而有些在尿液中不存在，这加强了前者作为慢性暴露的更有代表性的基质。高亲脂性和持久性双酚类似物的存在，以及它们的生物积累潜力，突出了BPA之外更广泛的监管关注的必要性。该研究证明了螃蟹作为有效生物指标的相关性，并支持将替代生物基质纳入环境风险评估。

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来源期刊

Marine environmental research 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.00%

发文量

217

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Marine Environmental Research publishes original research papers on chemical, physical, and biological interactions in the oceans and coastal waters. The journal serves as a forum for new information on biology, chemistry, and toxicology and syntheses that advance understanding of marine environmental processes. Submission of multidisciplinary studies is encouraged. Studies that utilize experimental approaches to clarify the roles of anthropogenic and natural causes of changes in marine ecosystems are especially welcome, as are those studies that represent new developments of a theoretical or conceptual aspect of marine science. All papers published in this journal are reviewed by qualified peers prior to acceptance and publication. Examples of topics considered to be appropriate for the journal include, but are not limited to, the following: – The extent, persistence, and consequences of change and the recovery from such change in natural marine systems – The biochemical, physiological, and ecological consequences of contaminants to marine organisms and ecosystems – The biogeochemistry of naturally occurring and anthropogenic substances – Models that describe and predict the above processes – Monitoring studies, to the extent that their results provide new information on functional processes – Methodological papers describing improved quantitative techniques for the marine sciences.