Granulomonocytapheresis for chronic inflammatory diseases and sepsis.

IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Toshiaki Iba, Hideshi Okada, Takahiro Miki, Michio Mineshima, Ricard Ferrer
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Abstract

Granulomonocytapheresis (GMA) has long been used to treat refractory chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, an exploratory clinical study showed that GMA was effective for sepsis, and its use has been approved in Japan. The purpose of this review is to spread the knowledge about GMA in chronic and acute inflammation. GMA is a selective extracorporeal therapy designed to remove activated granulocytes and monocytes, key drivers of inflammation in various immune-mediated diseases. Initially developed for ulcerative colitis, GMA has since demonstrated immunomodulatory effects in conditions such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatologic disorders, by depleting activated myeloid cells and altering cytokine profiles, reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and increasing IL-10. GMA aims to restore immune homeostasis without the systemic immunosuppression associated with pharmacologic agents. Recently, its application has expanded to critical care settings. In sepsis and cytokine storm syndromes, where overwhelming innate immune activation leads to organ dysfunction, GMA may offer therapeutic benefit. Preclinical models and pilot studies in septic patients suggest that GMA can reduce inflammatory mediators, improve hemodynamics, and support organ recovery. Reflecting this potential, GMA was approved for insurance reimbursement in Japan in August 2025 as adjunctive therapy for sepsis with systemic inflammation. Although GMA is a promising therapy for specific patients, there is limited supporting data, and its effect should be proven in future trials.

慢性炎症性疾病和败血症的肉芽单胞清除。
肉芽单胞清除术(GMA)长期以来被用于治疗难治性慢性炎症性疾病。最近,一项探索性临床研究表明,GMA对脓毒症有效,并已在日本批准使用。这篇综述的目的是传播GMA在慢性和急性炎症中的知识。GMA是一种选择性体外疗法,旨在去除活化的粒细胞和单核细胞,这是各种免疫介导疾病中炎症的关键驱动因素。GMA最初用于溃疡性结肠炎,后来通过消耗活化的髓样细胞和改变细胞因子分布、降低肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6和增加IL-10,在克罗恩病、类风湿性关节炎和皮肤病等疾病中显示出免疫调节作用。GMA旨在恢复免疫稳态,而无需与药物相关的全身免疫抑制。最近,它的应用已经扩展到重症监护环境。在败血症和细胞因子风暴综合征中,压倒性的先天免疫激活导致器官功能障碍,GMA可能提供治疗益处。脓毒症患者的临床前模型和初步研究表明,GMA可以减少炎症介质,改善血液动力学,并支持器官恢复。GMA于2025年8月在日本被批准作为败血症合并全身性炎症的辅助治疗,反映了这一潜力。虽然GMA对特定患者是一种很有前景的治疗方法,但支持数据有限,其效果需要在未来的试验中得到证实。
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来源期刊
Journal of Intensive Care
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine-Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
CiteScore
11.90
自引率
1.40%
发文量
51
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: "Journal of Intensive Care" is an open access journal dedicated to the comprehensive coverage of intensive care medicine, providing a platform for the latest research and clinical insights in this critical field. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including intensive and critical care, trauma and surgical intensive care, pediatric intensive care, acute and emergency medicine, perioperative medicine, resuscitation, infection control, and organ dysfunction. Recognizing the importance of cultural diversity in healthcare practices, "Journal of Intensive Care" also encourages submissions that explore and discuss the cultural aspects of intensive care, aiming to promote a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to patient care. By fostering a global exchange of knowledge and expertise, the journal contributes to the continuous improvement of intensive care practices worldwide.
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