The Effectiveness of Workplace Violence Prevention Education Training Programs on Healthcare Professionals’ Confidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Aim

The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of educational training programs on healthcare professionals' confidence in dealing with workplace violence.

Background

Workplace violence is a global problem with serious consequences in healthcare. While training enhances knowledge, skills, and confidence, the critical factor for translating learning into practice, remains underexplored.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were retrieved from four databases searched through September 2024.

Results

Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, and two meta-analyses were conducted. With the control group design, a pooled analysis indicated a significant improvement in healthcare professionals’ confidence following workplace violence training. With a one-group pre- and post-design, a significant improvement was also found. Although subgroup analysis based on different confidence measurement tools was conducted, heterogeneity was not substantially reduced.

Discussion

Workplace violence training programs improve confidence, yet the evidence is constrained by heterogeneity and limited randomized trials. Confidence-building strategies such as simulation and repeated practice may be more effective than lectures, though standardized measures and program designs are needed to strengthen comparability and guide best practices.

Conclusion

Workplace violence prevention training appears effective in enhancing healthcare professionals’ confidence. Future studies should establish optimal models, frequency, and validated instruments to ensure sustainable outcomes.

Implications for Nursing and Nursing Policy

According to the WHO Global Strategic Directions, workplace violence prevention training should be integrated into nursing education and practice. Simulation and team-based methods enhance confidence more effectively than lectures. Institutions must adopt standardized protocols, refreshers, and debriefings, while nursing leaders and professional bodies establish unified standards. Building confidence is central to care quality and system sustainability.