Phenotyping the knee joint - a narrative review of current literature

IF 1.5 Q3 ORTHOPEDICS

Journal of orthopaedics Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jor.2025.08.041

Natalie Mengis , Jules-Nikolaus Rippke , Heiko Graichen , George M. Avram , Elias Ammann , Randa Elsheikh , Michael T. Hirschmann

{"title":"Phenotyping the knee joint - a narrative review of current literature","authors":"Natalie Mengis , Jules-Nikolaus Rippke , Heiko Graichen , George M. Avram , Elias Ammann , Randa Elsheikh , Michael T. Hirschmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jor.2025.08.041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenotyping of the knee joint has been established as an important pre- and postoperative measure to better describe the individual knee joint in terms of alignment, laxity, morphology, and kinematics.</div><div>Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on phenotyping to understand both the major benefits and the existing limitations.</div><div>This narrative review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.</div><div>A total of 38 studies were included. The included papers were categorized into two main groups, CPAK and functional knee phenotyping (FKP), of which the second group could be further subdivided into alignment, laxity, and morphology. The advantages and limitations were noted.</div><div>Understanding the underlying knee phenotype in OA knees is crucial for a more personalized approach in TKA. The standardized use of the current phenotype systems, whether CPAK or FKP is key. The advantage of CPAK is that it is easy to apply in daily practice, but it is of limited value because it may omit a lot of important information. FKP, on the other hand, contains many more parameters, which makes it difficult for the majority of surgeons to integrate into their routine planning. However, as the knee is defined by multiple parameters in three dimensions, it is of utmost importance to integrate as many factors as possible for an optimal alignment in TKA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16633,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of orthopaedics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0972978X25003563","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Phenotyping of the knee joint has been established as an important pre- and postoperative measure to better describe the individual knee joint in terms of alignment, laxity, morphology, and kinematics.

Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on phenotyping to understand both the major benefits and the existing limitations.

This narrative review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

A total of 38 studies were included. The included papers were categorized into two main groups, CPAK and functional knee phenotyping (FKP), of which the second group could be further subdivided into alignment, laxity, and morphology. The advantages and limitations were noted.

Understanding the underlying knee phenotype in OA knees is crucial for a more personalized approach in TKA. The standardized use of the current phenotype systems, whether CPAK or FKP is key. The advantage of CPAK is that it is easy to apply in daily practice, but it is of limited value because it may omit a lot of important information. FKP, on the other hand, contains many more parameters, which makes it difficult for the majority of surgeons to integrate into their routine planning. However, as the knee is defined by multiple parameters in three dimensions, it is of utmost importance to integrate as many factors as possible for an optimal alignment in TKA.

查看原文本刊更多论文

膝关节表型-当前文献的叙述回顾

膝关节的表型已被确立为一项重要的术前和术后指标，以更好地描述单个膝关节在对齐、松弛、形态和运动学方面的情况。因此，这篇叙述性综述的目的是对目前的表型文献进行全面分析，以了解表型的主要好处和现有的局限性。本叙述性综述按照PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目）指南进行。共纳入38项研究。纳入的论文主要分为两组，CPAK和功能性膝关节表型（FKP），其中第二组可进一步细分为排列，松弛和形态学。指出了优点和局限性。了解OA膝的潜在膝关节表型对于TKA的个性化治疗至关重要。当前表型系统的标准化使用，无论是CPAK还是FKP是关键。CPAK的优点是易于在日常实践中应用，但它的价值有限，因为它可能会遗漏很多重要的信息。另一方面，FKP包含更多的参数，这使得大多数外科医生很难将其纳入常规计划。然而，由于膝关节是由多个三维参数定义的，因此在TKA中整合尽可能多的因素以获得最佳对齐是至关重要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of orthopaedics ORTHOPEDICS-

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

6.70%

发文量

202

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Journal of Orthopaedics aims to be a leading journal in orthopaedics and contribute towards the improvement of quality of orthopedic health care. The journal publishes original research work and review articles related to different aspects of orthopaedics including Arthroplasty, Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, Trauma, Spine and Spinal deformities, Pediatric orthopaedics, limb reconstruction procedures, hand surgery, and orthopaedic oncology. It also publishes articles on continuing education, health-related information, case reports and letters to the editor. It is requested to note that the journal has an international readership and all submissions should be aimed at specifying something about the setting in which the work was conducted. Authors must also provide any specific reasons for the research and also provide an elaborate description of the results.