The impact of input mode on incidental vocabulary learning for CSL learners: Evidence from offline tests and eye-tracking studies

IF 5.6 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

System Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.system.2025.103853

Yuxin Xie , Tianlin Wang , Fuxia Fan , Miao Yu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

There is currently no consensus regarding which input mode is most effective for vocabulary learning, and research on its impact on online vocabulary processing by learners is scarce, particularly in Chinese as a second language (CSL) learning. Therefore, this study combined eye-tracking technology with vocabulary knowledge tests (form and meaning recognition) to explore the impact of input mode on the incidental vocabulary learning of CSL learners. The results showed that reading-only (RO) condition yielded better incidental vocabulary gains than reading-while-listening (RWL). The reading-while-listening condition led both CSL learners and native speakers to have longer first fixation durations, higher regression-in proportions, and skipping rates on target pseudowords. It also notably extended native speakers’ regression path reading time and increased the regression-in proportion for both groups, with a more pronounced effect on CSL learners. Additionally, the fixation time significantly predicted their mastery of vocabulary. The results suggest that the reading-only condition is more conducive to learning for all participants. Its advantages also manifested in online vocabulary processing, supporting the cognitive load theory. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the processing of vocabulary and learning gains. The results empirically support CSL vocabulary teaching and highlight the pedagogical implications for promoting incidental vocabulary learning.

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输入方式对汉语学习者附带词汇学习的影响：来自离线测试和眼动追踪研究的证据

目前关于哪种输入方式对词汇学习最有效尚无共识，关于其对学习者在线词汇加工影响的研究也很少，特别是在汉语学习中。因此，本研究将眼动追踪技术与词汇知识测试（形式和意义识别）相结合，探讨输入方式对汉语学习者附带词汇学习的影响。结果表明，单纯阅读（RO）比边听边读（RWL）产生了更好的附带词汇增益。边听边读的条件导致汉语学习者和母语者的第一次注视时间更长，回归比例更高，目标假词的跳过率更高。它还显著延长了母语人士的回归路径阅读时间，并增加了两组人的回归比例，其中对汉语学习者的影响更为明显。此外，注视时间对词汇掌握有显著的预测作用。结果表明，阅读条件对所有参与者的学习都更有利。它的优势还体现在在线词汇加工上，支持了认知负荷理论。此外，词汇加工与学习成果之间存在相关性。研究结果为对外汉语词汇教学提供了实证支持，并强调了促进附带词汇学习的教学意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

System Multiple-

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

8.30%

发文量

202

审稿时长

64 days

期刊介绍： This international journal is devoted to the applications of educational technology and applied linguistics to problems of foreign language teaching and learning. Attention is paid to all languages and to problems associated with the study and teaching of English as a second or foreign language. The journal serves as a vehicle of expression for colleagues in developing countries. System prefers its contributors to provide articles which have a sound theoretical base with a visible practical application which can be generalized. The review section may take up works of a more theoretical nature to broaden the background.