RIS-assisted LoRa networks with diversity: Impact of hardware impairments and phase noise

IF 4.3 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Computer Communications Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI:10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108319

Thi-Phuong-Anh Hoang , Thien Huynh-The , Tien Hoa Nguyen , Trong-Thua Huynh , Nguyen-Son Vo , Lam-Thanh Tu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of downlink LoRa networks assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and diversity techniques. We derive closed-form expressions for the coverage probability (Pcov) under four scenarios: phase noise at the RIS only, hardware impairments at both the gateway and end devices (EDs), the combined effect of both impairments, and an ideal benchmark case. The analysis is carried out within a unified framework that is valid for any number of RIS elements, providing key insights into the influence of hardware impairment levels, gateway transmit power, and the diversity order as the number of RIS elements grows large. The results reveal that coverage probability improves with transmit power but deteriorates under more severe hardware impairments, while the diversity order scales directly with the number of RIS elements. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical findings and confirm that the ideal scenario achieves the best performance, followed in order by the phase noise, hardware impairment, and combined impairment cases.

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具有多样性的ris辅助LoRa网络：硬件损伤和相位噪声的影响

本文研究了可重构智能面（RIS）和分集技术辅助下行LoRa网络的性能。我们推导了四种情况下覆盖概率（Pcov）的封闭表达式：仅RIS处的相位噪声、网关和终端设备（ed）处的硬件损伤、两种损伤的综合影响以及理想基准情况。该分析是在一个统一的框架内进行的，该框架适用于任何数量的RIS元素，提供了硬件损伤水平、网关传输功率以及RIS元素数量增加时的分集顺序的影响的关键见解。结果表明，覆盖概率随发射功率的增加而增加，但在更严重的硬件损伤下会下降，而分集顺序与RIS元素的数量成正比。蒙特卡罗模拟验证了分析结果，并确认理想情况下实现了最佳性能，其次是相位噪声、硬件损伤和综合损伤情况。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Computer Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

397

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Computer and Communications networks are key infrastructures of the information society with high socio-economic value as they contribute to the correct operations of many critical services (from healthcare to finance and transportation). Internet is the core of today''s computer-communication infrastructures. This has transformed the Internet, from a robust network for data transfer between computers, to a global, content-rich, communication and information system where contents are increasingly generated by the users, and distributed according to human social relations. Next-generation network technologies, architectures and protocols are therefore required to overcome the limitations of the legacy Internet and add new capabilities and services. The future Internet should be ubiquitous, secure, resilient, and closer to human communication paradigms. Computer Communications is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes high-quality scientific articles (both theory and practice) and survey papers covering all aspects of future computer communication networks (on all layers, except the physical layer), with a special attention to the evolution of the Internet architecture, protocols, services, and applications.