Comparative toxicity of Karlodinium veneficum from France and New Zealand on fish gill cells and oyster gametes

IF 4.5 1区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Harmful Algae Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2025.102991

Anne Rolton , Guillaume Barnouin , Hannah Greenhough , Audrey Duval , Karthiga Kumanan , Nelly Quéré Le Goïc , Lucy Thompson , Damien Réveillon , Fabienne Hervé , Andrew I. Selwood , Hélène Hégaret , Kirsty F. Smith , Malwenn Lassudrie

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause mass mortalities of marine fauna, leading to major economic losses in aquaculture and fisheries worldwide. Toxicity varies widely among strains of the same HAB species, making broad assumptions of toxicity inaccurate. This study investigated the ichthyotoxic activity of Karlodinium veneficum, a HAB species of risk for aquaculture in France (FR) and New Zealand (NZ). Five K. veneficum strains (3 FR, 2 NZ) were cultured and extracted under standardized conditions. Following inter-laboratory assay comparison, crude (culture) and methanolic intra- and extracellular extracts were tested on in vitro models: rainbow trout gill cells (RTgill-W1) and Pacific oyster, Crassostrea (=Magallana) gigas, sperm.

Crude and methanolic extracts showed toxicity to both cell types, with variation between intra- (IN) and extracellular (EX) fractions. Of the crude extracts, only CAWD93 IN was toxic to gill and sperm cells, inducing 44 % and 81 % mortality, respectively, at 8.75 × 10⁴ equiv. cells mL^-1. Most methanolic extracts were toxic; MAR1F7 EX and CAWD93 IN induced the highest mortality rates, with EC₅₀’s reaching cell concentrations equivalent to high environmental bloom levels.

Karlotoxin analysis of methanolic extracts revealed distinct profiles by country. Karlotoxins were detected only in the three most toxic strains (MAR1F7, IFR-CC-20-44, CAWD93) and cytotoxicity was only weakly correlated with karlotoxin concentration, suggesting involvement of additional toxic compounds.

This study highlights strain-specific toxicity in K. veneficum, underscoring the importance of testing local HAB strains. The bioassays used offer a rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput, and ethical approach to evaluating HAB toxicity—crucial as ichthyotoxic blooms become more frequent globally.

查看原文本刊更多论文

法国和新西兰产卡罗迪菌对鱼鳃细胞和牡蛎配子的毒性比较

有害藻华（HABs）可导致海洋动物大量死亡，给全世界的水产养殖和渔业造成重大经济损失。同一HAB物种的毒株之间毒性差异很大，使得毒性的广泛假设是不准确的。本研究调查了法国和新西兰水产养殖中存在危险的赤潮有害生物Karlodinium veneficum的鱼毒活性。在标准化条件下，培养并提取了5株veneficum菌株（3株FR， 2株NZ）。经过实验室间的分析比较，在体外模型：虹鳟鱼鳃细胞（RTgill-W1）和太平洋牡蛎、长牡蛎（=Magallana） gigas、精子上测试了粗（培养）和甲醇细胞内和细胞外提取物。粗提取物和甲醇提取物对两种细胞都有毒性，但细胞内（IN）和细胞外（EX）组分之间存在差异。在粗提物中，只有CAWD93 IN对鳃细胞和精子细胞有毒性，在8.75 × 104等量细胞mL-1时，分别诱导44%和81%的死亡率。大多数甲醇提取物是有毒的；MAR1F7 EX和CAWD93 IN诱导的死亡率最高，EC50达到相当于高环境华水平的细胞浓度。甲醇提取物的Karlotoxin分析显示了不同国家的不同特征。仅在3株毒性最强的菌株（MAR1F7、IFR-CC-20-44、CAWD93）中检测到karlotoxin，细胞毒性与karlotoxin浓度仅呈弱相关，提示涉及其他毒性化合物。这项研究强调了菌株特异性毒性，强调了检测当地HAB菌株的重要性。所使用的生物测定方法提供了一种快速、成本效益高、高通量和合乎伦理的方法来评估赤潮毒素的毒性——随着全球范围内鱼毒性水华变得越来越频繁，这一点至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Harmful Algae 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

15.20%

发文量

122

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： This journal provides a forum to promote knowledge of harmful microalgae and macroalgae, including cyanobacteria, as well as monitoring, management and control of these organisms.