What Made the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Worse in Communities in Northern Nigeria: Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping of Community Perceptions.

IF 1.8
Ivan Sarmiento, Yagana Gidado, Hadiza Mudi, Altine Joga, Umaira Ansari, Sa'adatu Bello Kirfi, Mohammed Abbas Ibrahim, Neil Andersson, Anne Cockcroft
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Abstract

AimsCollate local perceptions of factors influencing experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in communities in Bauchi State, Northern Nigeria.ResultsFuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) collated participant views of what made their experience worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. FCM uses concepts linked by weighted arrows to indicate perceived causal relationships. Higher weights indicate stronger influences; positive and negative signs indicate direct and inverse causal relationships, respectively. In late 2023, local facilitators collected 81 maps in urban, rural and remote communities, 11 with administrative officials, and four with vulnerable groups (388 participants in total). We created average maps for each stakeholder group. Facilitators inductively grouped factors into categories. We calculated the cumulative net influence (CNI) (range -1 to +1) of categories and identified important causes and outcomes within the network. The maps included 152 factors in 25 categories. Hunger and lack of food (CNI = 0.63) worsened pandemic experience the most, followed by reduced businesses and jobs (CNI = 0.40), causing economic disruption and threatening livelihoods. Increased household conflicts (CNI = 0.35) and stress and mental health problems (CNI = 0.30) were also prominent negative influences and intermediate outcomes in the network. Lockdown (CNI = 0.34) was the most important underlying cause of other causal categories.ConclusionsThe maps depicted the interconnected impacts of the pandemic on community members. Participants confirmed the worst impacts were related to control measures exacerbating pre-existing economic challenges. These FCM findings will form part of the evidence shared with communities and policy makers to support co-design of strategies for pandemic recovery aligned with community needs and strengths.

是什么让尼日利亚北部社区的COVID-19大流行经历变得更糟:社区认知的模糊认知映射。
目的整理尼日利亚北部包奇州社区对影响2019冠状病毒病大流行经历的因素的看法。结果模糊认知映射(FCM)整理了参与者对COVID-19大流行期间导致他们经历恶化的原因的看法。FCM使用由加权箭头连接的概念来表示感知到的因果关系。权重越大,表明影响越强;正负符号分别表示直接和反向因果关系。2023年底,当地协调员在城市、农村和偏远社区收集了81张地图,11张与行政官员有关,4张与弱势群体有关(共388名参与者)。我们为每个利益相关者组创建了平均地图。促进者归纳地将因素分类。我们计算了类别的累积净影响(CNI)(范围-1至+1),并确定了网络中的重要原因和结果。该地图包括25个类别的152个因素。饥饿和缺乏食物(CNI = 0.63)是最严重的疫情恶化,其次是企业和就业减少(CNI = 0.40),造成经济中断,威胁生计。家庭冲突增加(CNI = 0.35)和压力和心理健康问题(CNI = 0.30)也是网络中突出的负面影响和中间结果。封锁(CNI = 0.34)是其他原因类别中最重要的潜在原因。这些地图描绘了疫情对社区成员的相互影响。与会者确认,最严重的影响与控制措施加剧了已有的经济挑战有关。这些FCM调查结果将构成与社区和决策者共享的证据的一部分,以支持根据社区需求和优势共同设计大流行恢复战略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
2.70
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