Alisol A ameliorates vascular cognitive impairment via AMPK/NAMPT/SIRT1-mediated regulation of cholesterol and autophagy.

IF 13.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Theranostics Pub Date : 2025-08-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.7150/thno.112661
Ping Xu, Wen Zhou, Shida Wang, Linjiao Wang, Yu Bai, Shan Xing, Wenda Xue, Meng Li, Jun Shi, Haoxin Wu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Atherosclerosis-related vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is associated with dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and impaired autophagy. Alisol A, a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid derived from the traditional ZeXieYin Formula, has demonstrated anti-atherosclerotic and neuroprotective effects. However, its role in modulating brain cholesterol homeostasis and mitophagy in VCI remains largely unexplored. Methods: To elucidate the mechanism of Alisol A and evaluate its translational relevance, we employed an Ldlr-/- mouse model of VCI induced by a high-fat diet and left common carotid artery ligation. Alisol A was administered intragastrically, and cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests. To probe the role of NAMPT, pharmacological inhibition and lentiviral overexpression strategies were applied. Mechanistic investigations included Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy to examine cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance, and lipidomic profiling were used to explore Alisol A-NAMPT binding and downstream regulatory pathways. Results: Alisol A significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment in Ldlr-/- mice. Mechanistically, it restored cholesterol homeostasis by activating the AMPK/NAMPT/SIRT1 signaling axis, upregulated UCP2 to suppress oxidative stress, and inhibited glial activation, thereby preserving neuronal structure and function. Additionally, Alisol A reactivated mitophagic flux by enhancing PINK1/PARKIN signaling and facilitating the clearance of damaged mitochondria, ultimately improving mitochondrial function. NAMPT was identified as a key molecular target mediating these neuroprotective effects. Conclusion: Alisol A confers neuroprotection in VCI by regulating cholesterol metabolism, attenuating oxidative stress, and restoring mitophagy via NAMPT-mediated signaling. These findings highlight its therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis-related cognitive decline.

Alisol A通过AMPK/NAMPT/ sirt1介导的胆固醇和自噬调节改善血管认知障碍。
动脉粥样硬化相关性血管认知障碍(VCI)与胆固醇代谢失调和自噬受损有关。艾利索A是一种天然的四环三萜,从传统的泽泻饮配方中提取,具有抗动脉粥样硬化和神经保护作用。然而,其在VCI中调节脑胆固醇稳态和线粒体自噬中的作用仍未得到充分研究。方法:为了阐明Alisol A的作用机制并评估其翻译相关性,我们采用高脂饮食和左颈总动脉结扎诱导的Ldlr-/-小鼠VCI模型。灌胃Alisol A,并使用Morris水迷宫、y迷宫和新型物体识别测试评估认知功能。为了探究NAMPT的作用,我们采用了药物抑制和慢病毒过表达策略。机制研究包括免疫印迹、免疫荧光和透射电镜来检查胆固醇代谢、氧化应激、线粒体自噬和突触可塑性。此外,利用分子对接、表面等离子体共振和脂质组学分析来探索Alisol A-NAMPT结合和下游调控途径。结果:艾利索A能显著改善Ldlr-/-小鼠的认知功能障碍。其机制是通过激活AMPK/NAMPT/SIRT1信号轴,上调UCP2抑制氧化应激,抑制胶质细胞活化,从而保持神经元的结构和功能,恢复胆固醇稳态。此外,Alisol A通过增强PINK1/PARKIN信号通路,促进受损线粒体的清除,从而重新激活线粒体自噬通量,最终改善线粒体功能。NAMPT被认为是介导这些神经保护作用的关键分子靶点。结论:艾利索A通过nampt介导的信号通路调节胆固醇代谢、减轻氧化应激、恢复线粒体自噬,对VCI具有神经保护作用。这些发现强调了其在动脉粥样硬化相关认知衰退中的治疗潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Theranostics
Theranostics MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
25.40
自引率
1.60%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Theranostics serves as a pivotal platform for the exchange of clinical and scientific insights within the diagnostic and therapeutic molecular and nanomedicine community, along with allied professions engaged in integrating molecular imaging and therapy. As a multidisciplinary journal, Theranostics showcases innovative research articles spanning fields such as in vitro diagnostics and prognostics, in vivo molecular imaging, molecular therapeutics, image-guided therapy, biosensor technology, nanobiosensors, bioelectronics, system biology, translational medicine, point-of-care applications, and personalized medicine. Encouraging a broad spectrum of biomedical research with potential theranostic applications, the journal rigorously peer-reviews primary research, alongside publishing reviews, news, and commentary that aim to bridge the gap between the laboratory, clinic, and biotechnology industries.
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