Yingming Zhang, Yanfei Liu, Yuchong Wei, Ze Ren, Ying-Hua Jin, Guiying Li
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is a traditional herb that occupies a very important position in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Many references have recorded the traditional application methods of ginseng and improve the effects of liver-blood insufficiency and chronic liver injury. Modern studies have found that rare ginsenosides are the key to their role and have therapeutic effects on a variety of liver diseases, further verifying their traditional applications.
Aim of this review: This article reviews recent research advances on the structure, origin and pharmacological effects of rare ginsenosides to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of rare ginsenosides on different types of liver diseases.
Materials and methods: This article utilized keywords like "Rare ginsenosides", "Source", "Drug-induced liver injury", "Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease", "Liver fibrosis", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", and "Therapeutic interventions" to gather research on rare ginsenosides related to liver diseases from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, up to February 2025. The collected information was then summarized and analyzed.
Results: The structural characterization and preparation process of rare ginsenosides were clarified. In terms of pharmacological activities, rare ginsenosides possess a variety of activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory. In addition, rare ginsenosides showed protective effects against liver diseases through various mechanisms. However, their clinical application remains limited due to low content, poor water solubility, low oral bioavailability, and unclear mechanisms. Future efforts will accelerate translation through fermentation optimization, nanocarriers, structural modification, and microbiome research.
Conclusion: The multiple pharmacological activities of rare ginsenosides make them candidates for the treatment of various liver diseases and provide a broader direction for exploring the Chinese medicine treatment of liver diseases.
民族药理学相关性：人参（Panax Ginseng C. a . Mey.）是一种在中药中占有重要地位的传统草药。许多文献记录了人参的传统应用方法和改善肝血不足和慢性肝损伤的作用。现代研究发现，稀有人参皂苷是其作用的关键，对多种肝脏疾病有治疗作用，进一步验证了其传统应用。本文综述了近年来国内外对稀有人参皂苷的结构、来源及药理作用的研究进展，以评价稀有人参皂苷对不同类型肝脏疾病的防治作用。材料与方法：本文利用关键词“稀有人参皂苷”、“来源”、“药物性肝损伤”、“代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病”、“肝纤维化”、“肝细胞癌”、“治疗性干预”，从PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库中收集截至2025年2月与肝脏疾病相关的稀有人参皂苷研究。然后对收集到的信息进行总结和分析。结果：明确了稀有人参皂苷的结构表征和制备工艺。在药理活性方面，稀有人参皂苷具有多种活性，包括抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和免疫调节。此外，人参皂苷通过多种机制显示出对肝脏疾病的保护作用。然而，由于其含量低、水溶性差、口服生物利用度低、作用机制不明确等原因，其临床应用受到限制。未来的努力将通过发酵优化、纳米载体、结构修饰和微生物组研究来加速翻译。结论：人参皂苷的多种药理活性使其成为治疗多种肝脏疾病的候选药物，为探索中药治疗肝脏疾病提供了更广阔的方向。
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Ethnopharmacology is dedicated to the exchange of information and understandings about people''s use of plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms and minerals and their biological and pharmacological effects based on the principles established through international conventions. Early people confronted with illness and disease, discovered a wealth of useful therapeutic agents in the plant and animal kingdoms. The empirical knowledge of these medicinal substances and their toxic potential was passed on by oral tradition and sometimes recorded in herbals and other texts on materia medica. Many valuable drugs of today (e.g., atropine, ephedrine, tubocurarine, digoxin, reserpine) came into use through the study of indigenous remedies. Chemists continue to use plant-derived drugs (e.g., morphine, taxol, physostigmine, quinidine, emetine) as prototypes in their attempts to develop more effective and less toxic medicinals.
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