{"title":"The Risk of Preterm Birth in Women With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dimitris Sokos, Dagmar Else Slot, Berna Dogan, Sergio Bizzarro","doi":"10.1111/idh.70001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous studies have explored the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB), with conflicting results primarily due to variability in methodology, statistical analyses and the case definitions of both conditions. This study aimed to synthesise critically the available scientific evidence of observational studies that evaluate the risk of PTB in pregnant women with or without periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception through June 2025 to identify eligible studies evaluating the incidence of PTB in women with periodontitis compared to those without. Inclusion required that periodontitis be defined through full-mouth clinical examination, assessing probing pocket depth in combination with clinical attachment loss and/or radiographic alveolar bone loss. The risk of bias was assessed. Descriptive analysis, and when feasible, meta-analysis (MA) and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed. Sub-analyses were conducted based on the risk of bias analysis, study design, geographical area, periodontitis case definition, smoking, health or country social economic status, history of urinary tract infections and the number of evaluated teeth. The total body of evidence was graded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 723 unique papers were identified, and 11 eligible studies were included. The descriptive analysis showed that seven of the eleven studies present a significant association between PTB and periodontitis. Confounding variables on personal, medical and environmental aspects lowered the risk. The crude overall MA based on 11 studies resulted in a small effect, odds ratio (OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.78; 3.18], p < 0.00001). The TSA showed that the required number of events was reached, and the type I error is ruled out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is moderate certainty that pregnant women with periodontitis compared to pregnant women without periodontitis have a small risk of PTB.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO number: CRD42022327501.</p>","PeriodicalId":13791,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dental hygiene","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International journal of dental hygiene","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.70001","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aim: Previous studies have explored the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB), with conflicting results primarily due to variability in methodology, statistical analyses and the case definitions of both conditions. This study aimed to synthesise critically the available scientific evidence of observational studies that evaluate the risk of PTB in pregnant women with or without periodontitis.
Material and methods: MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception through June 2025 to identify eligible studies evaluating the incidence of PTB in women with periodontitis compared to those without. Inclusion required that periodontitis be defined through full-mouth clinical examination, assessing probing pocket depth in combination with clinical attachment loss and/or radiographic alveolar bone loss. The risk of bias was assessed. Descriptive analysis, and when feasible, meta-analysis (MA) and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed. Sub-analyses were conducted based on the risk of bias analysis, study design, geographical area, periodontitis case definition, smoking, health or country social economic status, history of urinary tract infections and the number of evaluated teeth. The total body of evidence was graded.
Results: A total of 723 unique papers were identified, and 11 eligible studies were included. The descriptive analysis showed that seven of the eleven studies present a significant association between PTB and periodontitis. Confounding variables on personal, medical and environmental aspects lowered the risk. The crude overall MA based on 11 studies resulted in a small effect, odds ratio (OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.78; 3.18], p < 0.00001). The TSA showed that the required number of events was reached, and the type I error is ruled out.
Conclusion: There is moderate certainty that pregnant women with periodontitis compared to pregnant women without periodontitis have a small risk of PTB.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Dental Hygiene is the official scientific peer-reviewed journal of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists (IFDH). The journal brings the latest scientific news, high quality commissioned reviews as well as clinical, professional and educational developmental and legislative news to the profession world-wide. Thus, it acts as a forum for exchange of relevant information and enhancement of the profession with the purpose of promoting oral health for patients and communities.
The aim of the International Journal of Dental Hygiene is to provide a forum for exchange of scientific knowledge in the field of oral health and dental hygiene. A further aim is to support and facilitate the application of new knowledge into clinical practice. The journal welcomes original research, reviews and case reports as well as clinical, professional, educational and legislative news to the profession world-wide.
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