Investigating the Association between Frailty, Nutritional Status and Food Groups Intake among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

IF 1.1 Q4 GERONTOLOGY

Ageing International Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1007/s12126-025-09619-7

Yasaman Khorshidi, Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Mitra Moodi, Fateme Ettehad-Marvasti, Keyvan Karimi, Pardis Zarepour, Masoumeh Khorashadizadeh, Huriye Khodabakhshi, Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Farshad Sharifi

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Abstract

Objective

To assess the association between frailty, malnutrition, and food group intake among older adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1247 adults aged 60 and older who participated in the baseline phase of the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). Participants were selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Frailty was assessed using both the frailty phenotype and frailty index approaches. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data on food group intake, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, activities of daily living, and sleep problems were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA were used for group comparisons. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to examine associations, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Based on the frailty index, 16.20% and 73.14% of participants were frail and prefrail, respectively. Poor nutritional status (malnourished or at risk) was observed in 26.54% of participants, and 49.93% of frail individuals had poor nutritional status. Malnourished individuals had significantly higher risks of frailty (RRR = 6.78; 95% CI: 3.39–13.58) and prefrailty (RRR = 2.36; 95% CI: 2.27–4.31). Higher fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with frailty. Those in the highest tertile had significantly lower frailty risk: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.12–0.48) for the frailty index and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.30–0.90) for the frailty phenotype. High intake of milk and dairy products also showed a protective effect (RRR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27–0.78). Other food groups showed no significant association.

Conclusion

Poor nutritional status is strongly associated with increased frailty risk in older adults. Fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake may have protective roles against frailty. Malnourished individuals had reduced intake of all major food groups.

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调查社区居住的老年人虚弱、营养状况和食物种类摄入之间的关系

目的评估老年人身体虚弱、营养不良和食物组摄入之间的关系。方法对参加Birjand纵向衰老研究（BLAS）基线阶段的1247名60岁及以上的成年人进行横断面研究。参与者采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法进行选择。使用脆弱表型和脆弱指数两种方法来评估脆弱性。采用迷你营养评估法（MNA）评估营养状况。收集了食物组摄入量、社会人口特征、身体活动、日常生活活动和睡眠问题的数据。使用STATA version 12进行统计分析。组间比较采用卡方检验和单因素方差分析。多项逻辑回归模型用于检验关联，调整潜在的混杂因素。结果根据体质指数，16.20%和73.14%的参与者体质虚弱和易弱。26.54%的参与者营养状况不佳（营养不良或有风险），49.93%的虚弱个体营养状况不佳。营养不良的个体出现虚弱（RRR = 6.78; 95% CI: 3.39-13.58）和脆弱（RRR = 2.36; 95% CI: 2.27-4.31）的风险明显更高。较高的水果和蔬菜摄入量与身体虚弱呈负相关。最高分蘖的脆弱风险显著降低：脆弱指数为0.24 (95% CI: 0.12-0.48)，脆弱表型为0.52 （95% CI: 0.30-0.90）。大量摄入牛奶和奶制品也显示出保护作用（RRR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27-0.78）。其他食物组没有明显的关联。结论营养状况不良与老年人衰弱风险增加密切相关。摄入水果、蔬菜和奶制品可能对防止身体虚弱有保护作用。营养不良的人减少了所有主要食物种类的摄入量。

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来源期刊

Ageing International GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： As a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that has existed for over three decades, Ageing International serves all professionals who deal with complex ageing issues. The journal is dedicated to improving the life of ageing populations worldwide through providing an intellectual forum for communicating common concerns, exchanging analyses and discoveries in scientific research, crystallizing significant issues, and offering recommendations in ageing-related service delivery and policy making. Besides encouraging the submission of high-quality research and review papers, Ageing International seeks to bring together researchers, policy analysts, and service program administrators who are committed to reducing the ''implementation gap'' between good science and effective service, between evidence-based protocol and culturally suitable programs, and between unique innovative solutions and generalizable policies. For significant issues that are common across countries, Ageing International will organize special forums for scholars and investigators from different disciplines to present their regional perspectives as well as to provide more comprehensive analysis. The editors strongly believe that such discourse has the potential to foster a wide range of coordinated efforts that will lead to improvements in the quality of life of older persons worldwide. Abstracted and Indexed in: ABI/INFORM, Academic OneFile, Academic Search, CSA/Proquest, Current Abstracts, EBSCO, Ergonomics Abstracts, Expanded Academic, Gale, Google Scholar, Health Reference Center Academic, OCLC, PsychINFO, PsyARTICLES, SCOPUS, Social Science Abstracts, and Summon by Serial Solutions.