Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Forced Convection with Chemical Parameter Effects on a Horizontal Porous Plate

Abstract

The coupling of thermal, concentration, and electromagnetic fields arises in various industrial and environmental processes. The presence of a magnetic field alters flow dynamics and energy transport through the Lorentz force, while chemical reactions affect the concentration boundary layer and influence mass transfer. This study focuses on the numerical investigation of fluid flow, heat transfer, and forced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection through a semi-infinite horizontal porous plate, taking into account the effects of chemical parameters. By analyzing the boundary layer, a reduced model was developed to represent the time-independent governing equations for momentum, energy, and concentration. These equations were expressed in a dimensionless, nonlinear form and subsequently transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ODE system was solved using the BVP4C method implemented in the MATLAB R2024b environment. Numerical simulations were conducted to examine the influence of various parameters—including the magnetic parameter, porous medium permeability, Eckert number, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, Dufour number, blowing/suction velocity, and Soret number—on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, as well as on the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The study reveals that an increase in the magnetic parameter leads to higher velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Blowing (positive velocity) enhances both temperature and concentration distributions and increases the Sherwood number; however, it reduces the velocity profile, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. In contrast, suction (negative velocity) exhibits the opposite effects on these parameters.