VR training for pediatric MRI for exam anxiety: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

MRI exams can provoke significant anxiety due to the procedure’s length, noise, and potential for claustrophobia. This meta-analysis examines whether virtual reality (VR) mock MRIs can effectively reduce pre-exam anxiety in patients, offering a more accessible alternative to traditional mock scanners.

Methods

We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of VR mock MRIs on anxiety levels in patients scheduled for MRI exams. After screening literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect, six studies were identified, of which four focused on pediatric populations. Data extraction, quality assessment (Jadad and Delphi scales), and statistical analysis were conducted. The data was normalized and a random-effects model used to assess anxiety reduction using Hedges' g.

Results

The meta-analysis revealed that VR mock MRIs did not significantly reduce anxiety before the MRI (p = 0.08), but approached significance for pre-VR and post-MRI anxiety in the intervention group (p = 0.06). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in anxiety levels post-MRI or when compared with control groups. High heterogeneity was present, likely due to variations in study methodologies, VR interventions, and participant characteristics.

Discussion

VR mock MRI was shown to not significantly reduce pre-exam anxiety. However, though there were promising results for pre-VR to post-MRI anxiety, the high heterogeneity and limited studies indicates the need for further research. However, the results may be affected by the meta-analysis being underpowered due to the lack of studies.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis did not show any effect of VR mock MRIs to reduce pre-exam anxiety in patients. More studies necessary to fully evaluate the question and provide more data for further analysis.