Experiences of Zambian radiographers undertaking mammography

Abstract

Background

Mammography is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed breast tissue images, essential for the early detection of breast cancer and improved patient outcomes. In Zambia, radiographers develop their mammography skills mainly through on-the-job training, with experienced radiographers mentoring juniors to enhance their confidence and proficiency. This collaborative approach aims to improve breast cancer detection in the region.

Objective

Given the limited body of research on the experiences of radiographers in Zambia who perform mammography procedures, this study aimed to explore and describe the lived experiences of radiographers involved in mammography imaging within both private and public diagnostic radiography facilities in Zambia.

Participants and research setting/Methods

A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted, employing purposive and snowball sampling strategies to recruit participants. Data were collected through semi-structured, one-on-one telephone interviews with diagnostic radiographers from four of the seven hospitals in Zambia that offer mammography services. A total of twelve interviews were conducted, with data collection continuing until data saturation was achieved. Ethical principles and trustworthiness criteria were rigorously observed throughout the study.

Results

The study’s findings revealed three main themes: (i) Lack of adequate training in mammography. This theme highlights the challenges faced by radiographers due to the absence of formalized and specialized training in mammography. (ii) Barriers to providing quality mammography. In this theme, participants identified several obstacles that hinder the delivery of quality mammography services. These include limited access to mammography equipment, a shortage of radiologists, and a lack of breast cancer education. (iii) Strategies for improving mammography services. This theme reflects the participants’ recommendations for enhancing mammography services in Zambia, including digital imaging technology, expanding clinical training opportunities for radiographers, and the establishment of a postgraduate training programme in mammography.

Conclusion

The study revealed important insights into Zambian radiographers' experiences with mammography, highlighting challenges that may lead to unnecessary procedures and difficulties in accessing services. It also identified opportunities to improve the quality and availability of these services.