Bridging the gap: autism spectrum disorder in children in the United States and worldwide: a narrative review.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulty with communication and social interactions as well as restricted or repetitive behaviors. Over the last few decades, the prevalence of ASD has increased globally, with major differences in reporting, diagnosis, and interventions between developed and developing countries. The United States (U.S.) has seen a sharp rise in diagnosed ASD cases, with a current prevalence of approximately 1 in 31 children, due to improved awareness, early screening programs, and timely intervention. The U.S. healthcare system supports early intervention services through policies such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and insurance mandates for ASD coverage. However, countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia face challenges in ASD care, including limited access, stigma, underdiagnosis, and lack of resources. The World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training, a global initiative, and the involvement of nongovernmental organizations are gradually bridging this gap. An interprofessional approach highlighting cross-cultural research, training providers, screening tools, referral options, policy implementation, and community- based care on a global scale will help reduce disparities in ASD care among countries. Making ASD care a global public health priority could help ensure developmental and mental healthcare equity. This study compares ASD care in the U.S. to that worldwide, highlighting the importance of global collaboration for early detection, service availability, and research.