High-throughput sequencing technologies for cancer genomics.

Abstract

In investigations about transcriptomics, epigenomics, and genomics, high-throughput sequencing technologies have become indispensable. Several hundred million of DNA molecules may be sequenced at once thanks to high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies, which can simultaneously analyze many DNA molecules. Traditionally, sequencing information has been clarified utilizing a low throughput technique known as Sanger sequencing. This added value makes it feasible to employ HTS to generate tremendous amounts of data, which enhances the comprehension of the transcriptome and genetic fingerprints of cells during various stages of evolution and pathology. By identifying somatic changes, morphological deviations, and repetitive changes across the human genome, techniques such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) provide information about cancer formation as well as prospective therapies. Identifying tumor biology and discovering biomarkers rely on the examination of aberrant networks and variations in gene expression that RNA DNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, offers. By identifying rare cell kinds and their function in carcinogenesis, the sequencing of one cell offers illumination on the wide range of cells observed across tumors. Metagenomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) delivers essential knowledge by discovering alterations that affect the epigenetic configuration and the microenvironment that accompanies tumors. Integrating these recent developments will allow the development of personalized treatments that use unique genetic traits to determine every cancer patient, offering more individualized treatments. The revolutionary implications of high-throughput genome sequencing for cancer research and treatment are addressed in this book chapter, particularly concerning cancer precision as well as effective treatment outcomes.