​​The immune microenvironment of pathogen-associated cancers and current clinical therapeutics

IF 33.9 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Xiao-Yu Wei, Hui-Jing Feng, Ying-Yin Zhu, Shi-Jing Guo, Hong Wang, Ming Li, Qi Mei
{"title":"​​The immune microenvironment of pathogen-associated cancers and current clinical therapeutics","authors":"Xiao-Yu Wei, Hui-Jing Feng, Ying-Yin Zhu, Shi-Jing Guo, Hong Wang, Ming Li, Qi Mei","doi":"10.1186/s12943-025-02448-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen-associated cancers account roughly 15–20% of all malignancies worldwide and arise from chronic infections by oncogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites. Pathogens can alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) into an immune-suppressive niche using multiple mechanisms, including immune checkpoint manipulation, chronic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, and direct epigenetic modifications. Immune dysfunctions related to infections linked to cancers can include M2-polarized macrophages, expansion of MDSCs, exhausted T/NK cells, and tolerogenic dendritic cells, all progressing immune evasion and resistance to cancer therapy. Advances in therapeutics exist in prophylactic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and next-generation methods such as the engineered Salmonella to deliver to hypoxic tumors and the targeting the microbiome. The advancement of pathogen-, cancer-, and patient-specific therapeutics is not without its challenges, including heterogeneity of the pathogens, absence of clinically useful biomarkers, concerns about the safety of the restoring anti-pathogen immunity and challenges of scale for manifold interventions. This review will provide a synthesis of the mechanistic aspects of pathogen-mediated TME remodeling, contemporary clinical therapeutics, and ongoing investigations into using pathogen/host dynamics to enhance measurable precision immunotherapy strategies.","PeriodicalId":19000,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Molecular Cancer","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02448-x","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pathogen-associated cancers account roughly 15–20% of all malignancies worldwide and arise from chronic infections by oncogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites. Pathogens can alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) into an immune-suppressive niche using multiple mechanisms, including immune checkpoint manipulation, chronic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, and direct epigenetic modifications. Immune dysfunctions related to infections linked to cancers can include M2-polarized macrophages, expansion of MDSCs, exhausted T/NK cells, and tolerogenic dendritic cells, all progressing immune evasion and resistance to cancer therapy. Advances in therapeutics exist in prophylactic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and next-generation methods such as the engineered Salmonella to deliver to hypoxic tumors and the targeting the microbiome. The advancement of pathogen-, cancer-, and patient-specific therapeutics is not without its challenges, including heterogeneity of the pathogens, absence of clinically useful biomarkers, concerns about the safety of the restoring anti-pathogen immunity and challenges of scale for manifold interventions. This review will provide a synthesis of the mechanistic aspects of pathogen-mediated TME remodeling, contemporary clinical therapeutics, and ongoing investigations into using pathogen/host dynamics to enhance measurable precision immunotherapy strategies.
病原体相关癌症的免疫微环境及目前的临床治疗方法
病原体相关癌症约占全世界所有恶性肿瘤的15-20%,由致瘤病毒、细菌和寄生虫引起的慢性感染引起。病原体可以通过多种机制将肿瘤微环境(TME)改变为免疫抑制生态位,包括免疫检查点操纵、慢性炎症、代谢重编程和直接表观遗传修饰。与癌症相关的感染相关的免疫功能障碍包括m2极化巨噬细胞、MDSCs扩增、耗竭T/NK细胞和耐受性树突状细胞,所有这些都进展为免疫逃避和对癌症治疗的抵抗。治疗方法的进展存在于预防性疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂和下一代方法,如工程沙门氏菌,以输送到缺氧肿瘤和靶向微生物组。病原体、癌症和患者特异性治疗的进展并非没有挑战,包括病原体的异质性、缺乏临床有用的生物标志物、对恢复抗病原体免疫的安全性的担忧以及多种干预措施规模的挑战。这篇综述将提供病原体介导的TME重塑的机制方面的综合,当代临床治疗方法,以及正在进行的利用病原体/宿主动力学来增强可测量的精确免疫治疗策略的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Molecular Cancer
Molecular Cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
54.90
自引率
2.70%
发文量
224
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Cancer is a platform that encourages the exchange of ideas and discoveries in the field of cancer research, particularly focusing on the molecular aspects. Our goal is to facilitate discussions and provide insights into various areas of cancer and related biomedical science. We welcome articles from basic, translational, and clinical research that contribute to the advancement of understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The scope of topics covered in Molecular Cancer is diverse and inclusive. These include, but are not limited to, cell and tumor biology, angiogenesis, utilizing animal models, understanding metastasis, exploring cancer antigens and the immune response, investigating cellular signaling and molecular biology, examining epidemiology, genetic and molecular profiling of cancer, identifying molecular targets, studying cancer stem cells, exploring DNA damage and repair mechanisms, analyzing cell cycle regulation, investigating apoptosis, exploring molecular virology, and evaluating vaccine and antibody-based cancer therapies. Molecular Cancer serves as an important platform for sharing exciting discoveries in cancer-related research. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to communicate information to both specialists and the general public. The online presence of Molecular Cancer enables immediate publication of accepted articles and facilitates the presentation of large datasets and supplementary information. This ensures that new research is efficiently and rapidly disseminated to the scientific community.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信