Psychiatric Condition Management in Primary Care for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Abstract

Psychiatric conditions are prevalent among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), with studies estimating that 33% of this population experiences psychiatric disorders such as mood, anxiety, and behavioral issues. These rates are significantly higher than the general population, underscoring the need for proper management within primary care settings. Although the integration of mental health services into primary care is increasing, general practitioners often report a lack of training and time to treat psychiatric conditions in adults with IDDs. Collaborative care models, involving partnerships between primary care providers and mental health specialists, have emerged as a promising solution, offering tailored, patient-centered treatment. Barriers like diagnostic overshadowing, communication challenges, and stigmatization hinder access to appropriate care, however. In recent years, the inclusion of genetic testing in psychiatric care has gained traction, especially in managing IDDs associated with specific genetic conditions like fragile X syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome. Genetic testing can help identify the underlying causes of psychiatric symptoms, offering valuable insights into appropriate treatment pathways. Pharmacogenetic insights provided by genetic testing can guide more personalized medication management, reducing adverse effects and improving outcomes. Effective management of psychiatric conditions in adults with IDDs requires further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, to establish evidence-based treatment approaches. Expanding research on interventions, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and genetic testing, is essential to improve patient outcomes in this underserved population.