Aseel AlSaleh, Hebah Abdalla Ali, Amani Ali Almasri, Razan Mahmoud Omoush, Adam Tawfiq Amawi, Mohammed Ahmed Alkharisi, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Khaled Trabelsi, Hadeel Ghazzawi, Haitham Jahrami
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Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with the development of different psychiatric conditions, including eating disorders (EDs).
Objectives: To investigate the salivary BDNF's ability to act as a potential biomarker for detecting the risk of developing EDs among young females.
Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Amman, Jordan, with a total of 216 nutrition students completing the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) to assess the risk of developing EDs, the Cohens' Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) to measure stress levels, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to assess physical activity levels. Dietary intake was analyzed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. A nested sample of 34 females from both extreme EDs was selected and tested for salivary BDNF levels.
Results: The nested sample of 34 female nutrition students 22.00 (2.75) years old with body mass index (BMI) of 23.60 (3.35) kg/m2 were divided into two groups; 18 students were at lower risk, while 16 were at higher risk of developing EDs. The salivary BDNF levels did not differ significantly between the low-risk and high-risk groups (391.03 (128.17), 339.15 (102.52), and p = 0.347, respectively). BMI, PSS-10 score, and total metabolic equivalent (MET) were significantly different between the two groups. No associations were found between salivary BDNF levels and BMI, PSS-10 score, MET, or different food groups. The odds ratio for the risk of BDNF-related EDs was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.10) in the higher-risk group versus the lower-risk group.
Conclusion: BDNF is not a robust biomarker of risk for EDs. The changes in salivary BDNF levels could reflect individual ED eating patterns rather than indicating a direct causative role in the disorder's development. According to our results, psychiatric consultation for ED detection remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment.
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