Ptgs2+ CPTC Function as a “Force-Immune Axis” by Responding to Acupuncture and Mediating M2 Macrophage Activation for Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Abstract

Recent advancements have highlighted the imperative for cytological exploration of fascial tissues. Telocytes, specialized interstitial cells found in connective tissues such as fascia, have garnered significant attention. Our study explored the cellular landscape of the abdominal midline fascia (AMF), revealing a primary presence of Cd34+/Pdgfra+ telocytes (CPTCs) by single-cell sequencing and cytomorphology. We identified six CPTC subpopulations with deep learning, notably Ptgs2+ CPTCs, which exhibited remarkable responsiveness to mechanical stimulus. Following the acupuncture stimulation at the special acupoints along the AMF in dysenteric rats, the proportion of Ptgs2+ CPTCs increased significantly, with these cells exhibiting strengthened cell adhesion with all CPTC subpopulations. Importantly, Ptgs2+ CPTCs activated M2 macrophages through the Il6–Il6st–Stat3 pathway, promoting anti-inflammatory responses. For the first time, our findings established Ptgs2+ CPTCs as a key “force–immune axis” that linked mechanical stimulation and immune modulation, advancing our understanding of the cellular mechanisms behind acupuncture and its potential to modulate inflammation in immune-related disorders.