Advances in boron nitride nanostructures: from h-BN to BN nanotubes and quantum dots for energy applications

Abstract

Traditional boron nitride (BN) is a resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with various crystalline forms. BN is isoelectronic to carbon and hence exists in the same way that carbon exists in graphite in the hexagonal phase. The hexagonal form, corresponding to graphite, is used as a lubricant and additive in cosmetic products because of its high stability and limpness. Even through physical and chemical modification, h-BN shows tunable properties that make it interesting for application in energy conversion and storage devices. Their excellent stability and environmentally friendly nature make BN-derived materials particularly suitable for green energy applications. Various predominant technologies are available to satisfy the zero emissions of CO₂ but still face many challenges such as poor safety, limited cycle life, and low efficiency. h-BN is attractive due to its mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and extraordinary thermal stability, which appear to meet some challenges faced by energy storage devices. This review provides an overview of functional properties, energy-related applications, and future challenges in the advancement of BN materials.