Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antidiabetic Potential.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the use of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in healthcare, including the management of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis. AgNPs have shown promising effects on enzymes, insulin signaling, gut hormones, and in vivo models. Despite the availability of oral treatments, challenges persist, prompting interest in novel therapies such as AgNPs, which are currently under investigation in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: This narrative review was conducted through a PubMed search using the terms "antidiabetic + activity + AgNPs" in April 2025. Relevant articles published in English were selected and analyzed, with emphasis on studies employing biosynthesized AgNPs from plants in in vitro and in vivo models. Information was extracted regarding the experimental approaches used to evaluate antidiabetic activity, the plant sources employed, nanoparticle characteristics, concentrations tested, and corresponding outcomes. Results: The biosynthesis of AgNPs employs bioactive compounds from plants, making it an environmentally friendly green synthesis method. Plant extracts are the most common biomaterial for AgNPs biosynthesis. Most of the in vitro studies evaluated the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on α-glucosidase or α-amylase; meanwhile, in animal studies, the main parameter evaluated is blood glucose level. Conclusions: The antidiabetic potential of AgNPs is becoming increasingly evident as ongoing research continues to explore their effects through both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, the current state of research regarding the potential use of AgNPs for diabetes management and treatment is presented, highlighting recent findings and discussing future perspectives in the field.