Enhancement of compressive strength in geopolymers: a study on fly ash characteristics and solid activation using dry method

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1007/s10163-025-02233-4

Okti Ulandari, Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto, Widi Astuti, Ferian Anggara, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, Agus Prasetya

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Abstract

Geopolymers are manufactured using the dry method with fly ash sourced from the Pacitan power plant in East Java (class C) and the Muara Enim Power Plant in South Sumatra (class F). The process begins with preparing the fly ash, followed by solid activators from NaOH and fly ash calcined at 400, 500, and 650 °C to create a geopolymer paste. Compressive strength analysis evaluates the mechanical properties of the geopolymers, with functional group analysis conducted using FTIR. The optimum conditions for the solid activator were found at a calcination temperature of 500 °C, yielding sodium silica (Na₂SiO₃) compositions of 39% for Pacitan and 39.5% for Muara Enim fly ash. The geopolymer from Pacitan power plant achieved a maximum compressive strength of 16.0 MPa with an alkaline concentration of 8.33 M. In comparison, Muara Enim’s geopolymer reached 0.2 MPa at 2.94 M. This study is novel in exploring the use of calcination to produce solid activators as an alternative to liquid activators, reducing cost and complexity in the production of geopolymers. Pacitan fly ash exhibited a higher amorphous phase (66.43%) and CaO content (15.288%), enhancing mechanical strength due to its self-cementing properties and increased reactivity.

Graphical abstract

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提高地聚合物抗压强度：粉煤灰特性及干法固体活化研究

地聚合物是用来自东爪哇Pacitan发电厂（C级）和南苏门答腊Muara Enim发电厂（F级）的粉煤灰干法制造的。该工艺首先准备粉煤灰，然后从NaOH和粉煤灰中提取固体活化剂，分别在400、500和650℃下煅烧，制成地聚合物糊状物。抗压强度分析评估了地聚合物的力学性能，并使用FTIR进行了官能团分析。固体活化剂的最佳条件为500℃，Pacitan粉煤灰的Na2SiO3组分为39%，Muara Enim粉煤灰的Na2SiO3组分为39.5%。Pacitan电厂的地聚合物在碱性浓度为8.33 m时的最大抗压强度为16.0 MPa，而Muara Enim的地聚合物在碱性浓度为2.94 m时的最大抗压强度为0.2 MPa。本研究探索了利用煅烧生产固体活化剂替代液体活化剂，降低了生产成本和复杂性。Pacitan粉煤灰表现出较高的非晶相（66.43%）和CaO含量（15.288%），由于其自胶结特性和反应性提高，机械强度提高。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

16.10%

发文量

205

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management has a twofold focus: research in technical, political, and environmental problems of material cycles and waste management; and information that contributes to the development of an interdisciplinary science of material cycles and waste management. Its aim is to develop solutions and prescriptions for material cycles. The journal publishes original articles, reviews, and invited papers from a wide range of disciplines related to material cycles and waste management. The journal is published in cooperation with the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management (JSMCWM) and the Korea Society of Waste Management (KSWM).