Neural-enabled quantum information hiding with error-correcting codes: a novel framework for arbitrary quantum state embedding

IF 5.6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS
ChaoLong Hao, QuanGong Ma, NianWen Si, BuYu Liu, Dan Qu
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Abstract

Quantum information hiding, as an extension of classical information hiding techniques into the realm of quantum information, currently focuses on embedding classical bits (0/1) within quantum carriers. This includes methods such as disguising classical secret information as channel noise and embedding it within quantum error correction codes. However, the embedding mechanism for arbitrary quantum states \(\alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle \) is still in the exploratory stage. This paper proposes an innovative framework that leverages the redundant space of quantum error correction codes to construct a nonlinear decoding architecture with quantum neural networks. This approach simultaneously achieves both carrier state error correction and secret state embedding and extraction functions. Specifically, the [5,1,3] stabilizer code is used as the carrier, with secret state embedding achieved through single-qubit substitution, and a quantum autoencoder is designed for steganographic state information decoding. The proposed framework features fully quantum-based input/output systems, overcoming the limitations of traditional variational quantum circuits that rely on probabilistic measurements for output generation. By performing full ground-state measurements at the autoencoder bottleneck layer and optimizing the parallel sub-network architecture, the network achieves efficient convergence and effective extraction of single-copy quantum states. Experimental results show that under the conditions of optimized parameters and data size of 20, the training losses for the carrier and secret states are 0.03 and 0.08, respectively, with test fidelities of 0.92 and 0.93. For a data size of 50, the secret states recovery fidelity exceeds 0.87. KS test analysis indicates that the full ground-state measurement and parallel sub-network are key strategies for achieving network performance. Equivalent error analysis shows that this approach successfully utilizes the potential redundant space of quantum error correction codes, providing new research directions for quantum state information hiding.

基于纠错码的神经支持量子信息隐藏:任意量子态嵌入的新框架
量子信息隐藏作为经典信息隐藏技术在量子信息领域的扩展,目前主要研究的是在量子载体中嵌入经典比特(0/1)。这包括将经典秘密信息伪装成信道噪声并将其嵌入量子纠错码等方法。然而,任意量子态的嵌入机制\(\alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle \)仍处于探索阶段。本文提出了一种利用量子纠错码冗余空间构建量子神经网络非线性译码体系结构的创新框架。该方法同时实现了载波状态纠错和秘密状态嵌入提取功能。具体而言,以[5,1,3]稳定器码为载体,通过单量子比特替换实现秘密状态嵌入,并设计量子自编码器进行隐写状态信息解码。所提出的框架具有完全基于量子的输入/输出系统,克服了传统变分量子电路依赖于概率测量产生输出的局限性。该网络通过在自编码器瓶颈层进行全基态测量和优化并行子网络结构,实现了高效收敛和单拷贝量子态的有效提取。实验结果表明,在优化参数和数据量为20的条件下,载体状态和秘密状态的训练损失分别为0.03和0.08,测试保真度分别为0.92和0.93。对于数据大小为50的数据,秘密状态恢复保真度超过0.87。KS测试分析表明,全基态测量和并行子网络是实现网络性能的关键策略。等效误差分析表明,该方法成功地利用了量子纠错码的潜在冗余空间,为量子态信息隐藏提供了新的研究方向。
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来源期刊
EPJ Quantum Technology
EPJ Quantum Technology Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
7.50%
发文量
28
审稿时长
71 days
期刊介绍: Driven by advances in technology and experimental capability, the last decade has seen the emergence of quantum technology: a new praxis for controlling the quantum world. It is now possible to engineer complex, multi-component systems that merge the once distinct fields of quantum optics and condensed matter physics. EPJ Quantum Technology covers theoretical and experimental advances in subjects including but not limited to the following: Quantum measurement, metrology and lithography Quantum complex systems, networks and cellular automata Quantum electromechanical systems Quantum optomechanical systems Quantum machines, engineering and nanorobotics Quantum control theory Quantum information, communication and computation Quantum thermodynamics Quantum metamaterials The effect of Casimir forces on micro- and nano-electromechanical systems Quantum biology Quantum sensing Hybrid quantum systems Quantum simulations.
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