AI-enhanced reinforced concrete with SCM and AZO nanoparticles for superior mechanical and antibacterial performance

Q2 Engineering

Asian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI:10.1007/s42107-025-01403-x

Amol Shivaji Mali, Shailesh Ghodke, Utkarsh Maheshwari, Kirti Zare, Vikas Pralhad Dive

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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of supplementary cementitious material and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) nanoparticles on concrete performance. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with microsilica, metakaolin, clinoptilolite, and AZO to analyze mechanical properties and antibacterial effectiveness. Compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), and bacterial removal efficiency were evaluated. The optimal formulation (73.6% OPC, 19% microsilica, 4% metakaolin, 1% clinoptilolite, and 2.4% AZO) achieved superior 28-day compressive strength (31.65 MPa), excellent homogeneity (index 0.975), and very low chloride penetrability. This composition demonstrated remarkable antibacterial properties, with up to 98.7% removal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 30 min of UV exposure, while maintaining practical application timeframes. AI/ML models were developed to predict concrete properties, with random forest (RF) showing the highest accuracy (R² > 0.97). Feature importance analysis identified AZO content as the most significant predictor (32.8–36.9%) across all models. Microstructural characterization revealed that 2.4% AZO content enhanced surface hydrophobicity (contact angle 115.67°) and reduced porosity by 34.6%. This research establishes an optimal concrete formulation for mechanical properties and significant antibacterial capabilities for healthcare environments.

Graphical Abstract

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人工智能增强钢筋混凝土与SCM和AZO纳米颗粒具有卓越的机械和抗菌性能

研究了补充胶凝材料和氧化锌铝纳米颗粒对混凝土性能的影响。用微二氧化硅、偏高岭土、斜沸石和偶氮氮代替普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC），分析其力学性能和抗菌效果。对抗压强度、超声脉冲速度（UPV）、快速氯化物渗透试验（RCPT）和细菌去除率进行了评价。优化后的配方（OPC 73.6%、微二氧化硅19%、偏高岭土4%、斜沸石1%、偶氮氮2.4%）具有优异的28天抗压强度（31.65 MPa）、均匀性优良（指数0.975）和极低的氯化物渗透性。该组合物显示出显著的抗菌性能，在紫外线照射30分钟后，可去除高达98.7%的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，同时保持实际应用时间。开发了AI/ML模型来预测混凝土性能，随机森林（RF）显示出最高的准确性（R2 > 0.97）。特征重要性分析发现AZO含量是所有模型中最显著的预测因子（32.8-36.9%）。微观结构表征表明，2.4%的AZO含量增强了表面疏水性（接触角115.67°），孔隙率降低了34.6%。本研究为医疗保健环境建立了一种具有机械性能和显著抗菌能力的最佳混凝土配方。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Civil Engineering Engineering-Civil and Structural Engineering

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

121

期刊介绍： The Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing) welcomes articles and research contributions on topics such as:- Structural analysis and design - Earthquake and structural engineering - New building materials and concrete technology - Sustainable building and energy conservation - Housing and planning - Construction management - Optimal design of structuresPlease note that the journal will not accept papers in the area of hydraulic or geotechnical engineering, traffic/transportation or road making engineering, and on materials relevant to non-structural buildings, e.g. materials for road making and asphalt. Although the journal will publish authoritative papers on theoretical and experimental research works and advanced applications, it may also feature, when appropriate: a) tutorial survey type papers reviewing some fields of civil engineering; b) short communications and research notes; c) book reviews and conference announcements.