Hemosorbents: Materials, Structure, and Physical and Chemical Properties. Review

Abstract

The review summarizes the physicochemical properties, characteristics of selective, nonselective and multimodal hemosorbents and sorption systems approved for use in the Russian Federation in comparison with other materials used in medical practice. The main share of the materials studied for outside-body blood purification is occupied by sorbents based on carbon, natural and synthetic polymers. Research continues on expanding the types of materials for hemosorption, synthesis methods, improving their physical and chemical properties and structure, increasing adsorption characteristics, selectivity and biocompatibility. Among the methods for synthesizing new sorbents, methods of surface functionalization with various specific substances (ligands) of already known hemosorbents or newly developed matrices of various natures are distinguished. The review presents literary data on the creation of new materials for hemosorption over the past 5 years in Russia and abroad. The experience of successful application of outside-body blood purification methods using sorbents, both separately and in combination with other methods, for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is shown.