Acceleration Rates and Energies of the First Protons Arriving at Earth

Abstract

The acceleration times of solar electrons and protons during the process of “magnetic detonation”—the development of eruptive flares—were theoretically estimated. The relationship between the acceleration rate and energy of the first protons arriving in the Earth’s orbit was studied by the example of observations of four events in May–June 2024. Eruptive flares (proton and nonproton ones) can be classified by the electric field strength (by the time of electron acceleration to 100 keV and the time of arrival of the first protons) and the duration of observation of electron radiation above 100 keV (the time available for proton acceleration >100 MeV).