Simulation and Characterization of Novel Right Scalene Wearable Bowtie Jean Textile Antenna for Wireless Medical Communications

Abstract

A novel Bowtie Scalene Jean Antenna is designed for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band wireless communications. It has a right scalene triangular bowtie configuration, which enhances wideband performance and efficient radiation characteristics. The antenna is fabricated using denim jeans fabric, which serves as a flexible and durable substrate with a relative permittivity (ε_r = 1.7), making it an ideal choice for wearable applications. The novelty of the proposed work is that the antenna has a simple structure, which is much easier to fabricate on a cloth surface. Initially four antennas are designed to operate in four frequencies:1.8 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.3 GHz, and 2.4 GHz to analyse the performance. For simulation purposes, the proposed antennas were designed using CST Microwave Studio software, and parameters like S₁₁, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, efficiency, and impedance matching are presented. At 1.8 GHz (1.041) and 2.4 GHz (1.040), the VSWR is the lowest, ensuring optimal power transfer. The better return loss is observed at 2.4 GHz (-34.004 dB), which is the best impedance matching at this frequency, followed closely by 1.8 GHz (-33.871 dB). The gain is relatively high (~ 4 dB and 4.1 dB, respectively) at 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz, ensuring strong directional radiation. The impedance at 2.4 GHz (50.129 Ω) is ideal for ISM band operations and is essential for wireless biomedical devices like health monitoring and telemedicine.

Graphical Abstract