Highly integrated color center creation with cooled hydrogenated molecules irradiation

Abstract

Photoluminescent point defects, such as nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond, have attracted much attention as solid-state qubits. In recent years, a method has been developed to dope ions one-by-one into a solid substrate with Ångström position accuracy using a Paul trap. However, the dopant atoms must be laser-cooled, and the atoms that are promising dopants for solid-state quantum devices, such as nitrogen, cannot be directly applied. In the previous studies, the cooling of the dopant ions has been achieved using a sympathetic cooling technique, in which the laser-cooled atoms are sandwiched, but this method has several problems such as the need for a mechanism to remove the laser-cooled atoms and the inability to distinguish between the dopant atoms and contaminations. We show that these problems can be overcome by directly cooling the hydrogenated ions instead of sympathetically cooling the ions, and the position accuracy can be improved.