Self-triggering approach of cosmic ray radio emission at Semnan University radio array experiment

Abstract

Radio detection of cosmic rays investigates the electromagnetic component of extensive air showers. It is possible to obtain the most critical properties of a cosmic ray, including the depth of shower maximum, energy, and type of primary particle, from radio measurements. Semnan University Radio Array is a new experiment that strives to detect radio emissions from extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. To fully harness the potential of the radio detection method in a self-trigger setup, it is essential to have artificial digital and analog filters to eliminate major unwanted emissions, analog-to-digital converters with appropriate specifications for accurate signal reconstruction, and data processing units capable of implementing software-based analysis alongside advanced digital signal processing techniques. This paper describes the design and implementation of a self-triggering approach in SURA-4 as the first phase of the SURA experiment to preserve cosmic ray candidates while removing unwanted emissions by utilizing the capabilities of analog and digital elements and incorporating a custom software framework for radio signal analyses. The ultimate validation of this approach for reliably distinguishing cosmic rays from anthropogenic radio frequency interferences will be pursued in future experiment phases, including cross-verification with three particle detectors.