Enhancing the Gastrointestinal Survival of Microencapsulated Limosilactobacillus fermentum K73: Optimization Through Double Emulsification Followed by Spray Drying, and in Vitro Digestion Assessment

IF 3.2 4区农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Biophysics Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI:10.1007/s11483-025-09975-6

Katherine Bauer Estrada, Mary Cardoso Cardenas, Mateo Carreño Cuellar, Maria Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal

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Abstract

The growing interest in the health benefits of probiotics has led to increased demand for products containing these microorganisms, highlighting two key challenges: their survival in diverse food matrices and their survival within the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, this study aimed to optimize the formulation of microencapsulated Limosilactobacillus fermentum K73 with high oleic palm oil (HOPO) and whey, using double emulsification (W/O/W) and spray drying to enhance probiotic protection. Double emulsification was performed using high-shear homogenization at 11,000 rpm, dispersing the probiotic in oil as the first phase and then in whey as the aqueous phase. Spray drying was carried out at inlet and outlet temperatures 200°C and 90°C, respectively. The response variables were the zeta potential of the emulsions, bacterial cycle changes after drying and bile exposure, and powder moisture content. The optimal emulsion had a zeta potential of -23 mV, with bacterial cycle changes of 0.32 log CFU/mL after drying and 1.52 log CFU/mL after bile exposure, and a moisture content of 4.12%. Two synbiotics were prepared by adding a postbiotic from L. fermentum fermentation and a prebiotic (2’-fucosyllactose). In vitro digestion following the INFOGEST protocol showed synbiotics reaching the intestinal phase at 4.9–6.02 log CFU/mL. In conclusion, double emulsification combined with spray drying produced microencapsulates that survived gastrointestinal conditions at adequate concentrations, enabling their potential use for colonic delivery to evaluate effects on host health.

Graphical Abstract

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提高微囊化发酵乳酸杆菌K73的胃肠存活：双乳化-喷雾干燥优化及体外消化评价

人们对益生菌的健康益处越来越感兴趣，导致对含有这些微生物的产品的需求增加，这突出了两个关键挑战：它们在不同食物基质中的生存以及它们在胃肠道中的生存。因此，本研究以高油酸棕榈油（HOPO）和乳清为原料，通过双乳化（W/O/W）和喷雾干燥，优化发酵Limosilactobacillus fermentum K73微胶囊的配方，以增强益生菌的保护作用。采用11000 rpm的高剪切均质双重乳化，将益生菌分散在油中作为第一相，然后在乳清中作为水相。喷雾干燥的入口温度为200℃，出口温度为90℃。响应变量为乳状液的zeta电位、干燥和胆汁暴露后的细菌循环变化和粉末含水量。最佳乳状液的zeta电位为-23 mV，干燥后细菌循环变化为0.32 log CFU/mL，胆汁暴露后细菌循环变化为1.52 log CFU/mL，水分含量为4.12%。通过添加L. fermentum发酵后的益生菌和益生元（2 ' - focusyllactose）制备了两种合生菌。按照INFOGEST方案进行的体外消化显示，合成物达到肠期的速度为4.9-6.02 log CFU/mL。综上所述，双重乳化结合喷雾干燥制备的微胶囊在适当浓度下可在胃肠道条件下存活，使其有可能用于结肠输送，以评估对宿主健康的影响。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Food Biophysics 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Biophysical studies of foods and agricultural products involve research at the interface of chemistry, biology, and engineering, as well as the new interdisciplinary areas of materials science and nanotechnology. Such studies include but are certainly not limited to research in the following areas: the structure of food molecules, biopolymers, and biomaterials on the molecular, microscopic, and mesoscopic scales; the molecular basis of structure generation and maintenance in specific foods, feeds, food processing operations, and agricultural products; the mechanisms of microbial growth, death and antimicrobial action; structure/function relationships in food and agricultural biopolymers; novel biophysical techniques (spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, rheological, etc.) for structural and dynamical characterization of food and agricultural materials and products; the properties of amorphous biomaterials and their influence on chemical reaction rate, microbial growth, or sensory properties; and molecular mechanisms of taste and smell. A hallmark of such research is a dependence on various methods of instrumental analysis that provide information on the molecular level, on various physical and chemical theories used to understand the interrelations among biological molecules, and an attempt to relate macroscopic chemical and physical properties and biological functions to the molecular structure and microscopic organization of the biological material.