Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Verbena tenuisecta (Briq.) Leaf Extracts: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Amna Azeem, Atta Ur Rahman, Arshad Iqbal, Fahmeeda Kausar, Sobia Gul, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Sumaira Noor, Ali Zari, Muskaan Zaman, Khalid M. Alghamdi, Rohin Iqbal Khan, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Many plants have been reported to exhibit both antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities potentially serving as natural alternative to conventional synthetic antimicrobials.

Objective

In this context, the present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Verbena tenuisecta leaf extracts.

Methods

Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted to detect the presence of major phytochemical groups. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify key bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the Well Diffusion Method. Antibiofilm activity was assessed using a microtiter plate-based crystal violet assay.

Results

Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the crude methanolic extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, and carbohydrates. GC–MS analysis of the chloroform fraction identified seven bioactive compounds with Phenyton, Benzoyl oleic acid, Indole,6-methyl-2-(4-pyridyl)- as major components. Antibacterial activity revealed that the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest zones of inhibition (ZOI) (13.25 mm) against Bacillus subtilis while showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli (11.75 mm), Salmonella typhi (11.25 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.5 mm). Among the fractions subjected, the n-hexane and chloroform fractions displayed notable antibacterial effects, with ZOI values compared to standard antibiotic. Antifungal activity of Chloroform extracted sample showed highest inhibitory effect against Candida albicans with ZOI of 15.25 mm as compared to extracts. Antibiofilm assay revealed varying inhibitory potential of different extracts tested. Crude methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition against E. coli (1.746) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.133). Similarly, n-butanol fraction exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus (1.733), while the chloroform fraction showed moderate anti-biofilm activity.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the potential of V. tenuisecta as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. Further research work is warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds of Verbena tenuisecta as lead antimicrobial agents.

马鞭草的植物化学成分及生物活性研究叶提取物:抗菌和抗生物膜特性
据报道,许多植物具有抗菌和抗生物膜活性,有可能成为传统合成抗菌剂的天然替代品。目的研究马鞭草叶提取物的植物化学成分和生物活性。方法进行定性植物化学筛选,检测主要植物化学基团的存在。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析鉴定主要生物活性成分。采用孔扩散法测定其抑菌活性。抗生素膜活性评估使用微滴板为基础的结晶紫试验。结果对粗甲醇提取物进行定性植物化学分析,证实其含有生物碱、萜类、酚类、黄酮类、苷类和碳水化合物。GC-MS分析鉴定出7种生物活性化合物,主要成分为苯丙酮、苯甲酰油酸、吲哚、6-甲基-2-(4-吡啶基)-。结果表明,粗甲醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性最高(ZOI) (13.25 mm),对大肠杆菌(11.75 mm)、伤寒沙门氏菌(11.25 mm)和金黄色葡萄球菌(11.5 mm)的抑菌活性中等。其中,正己烷和氯仿的抑菌效果显著,其ZOI值均高于标准抗生素。氯仿提取液对白色念珠菌的抑菌活性最高,其ZOI为15.25 mm。抗菌膜测定显示不同提取物的抑菌潜力不同。粗甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌(1.746)和金黄色葡萄球菌(1.133)的抑制作用最强。同样,正丁醇部分对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抗生物膜活性(1.733),而氯仿部分具有中等的抗生物膜活性。结论这些研究结果表明,蛇鞭草具有抗菌、抗真菌和抗生物膜活性化合物的潜力。马鞭草作为主要抗菌剂,其生物活性成分的分离和鉴定有待进一步的研究。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
3.80%
发文量
90
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation (JPI), is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publishing high quality papers emphasizing innovative research and applied technologies within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. JPI''s goal is to be the premier communication vehicle for the critical body of knowledge that is needed for scientific evolution and technical innovation, from R&D to market. Topics will fall under the following categories: Materials science, Product design, Process design, optimization, automation and control, Facilities; Information management, Regulatory policy and strategy, Supply chain developments , Education and professional development, Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation publishes four issues a year.
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