Amna Azeem, Atta Ur Rahman, Arshad Iqbal, Fahmeeda Kausar, Sobia Gul, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Sumaira Noor, Ali Zari, Muskaan Zaman, Khalid M. Alghamdi, Rohin Iqbal Khan, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Many plants have been reported to exhibit both antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities potentially serving as natural alternative to conventional synthetic antimicrobials.
Objective
In this context, the present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Verbena tenuisecta leaf extracts.
Methods
Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted to detect the presence of major phytochemical groups. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify key bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the Well Diffusion Method. Antibiofilm activity was assessed using a microtiter plate-based crystal violet assay.
Results
Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the crude methanolic extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, and carbohydrates. GC–MS analysis of the chloroform fraction identified seven bioactive compounds with Phenyton, Benzoyl oleic acid, Indole,6-methyl-2-(4-pyridyl)- as major components. Antibacterial activity revealed that the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest zones of inhibition (ZOI) (13.25 mm) against Bacillus subtilis while showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli (11.75 mm), Salmonella typhi (11.25 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.5 mm). Among the fractions subjected, the n-hexane and chloroform fractions displayed notable antibacterial effects, with ZOI values compared to standard antibiotic. Antifungal activity of Chloroform extracted sample showed highest inhibitory effect against Candida albicans with ZOI of 15.25 mm as compared to extracts. Antibiofilm assay revealed varying inhibitory potential of different extracts tested. Crude methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition against E. coli (1.746) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.133). Similarly, n-butanol fraction exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus (1.733), while the chloroform fraction showed moderate anti-biofilm activity.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the potential of V. tenuisecta as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. Further research work is warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds of Verbena tenuisecta as lead antimicrobial agents.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation (JPI), is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publishing high quality papers emphasizing innovative research and applied technologies within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. JPI''s goal is to be the premier communication vehicle for the critical body of knowledge that is needed for scientific evolution and technical innovation, from R&D to market. Topics will fall under the following categories:
Materials science,
Product design,
Process design, optimization, automation and control,
Facilities; Information management,
Regulatory policy and strategy,
Supply chain developments ,
Education and professional development,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation publishes four issues a year.