Comparative study of vacuum arc-remelting and spark plasma sintering processes on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Cp-Ti for biomedical implant applications

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI:10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.09.186

Neeraphat Kunbuala , Kasama Srirussamee , Chinnawich Phamornnak , Phacharaphon Tunthawiroon , Montree Hankoy , Kenta Yamanaka , Anak Kanthachawana , Mettaya Kitiwan

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Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the selection of an appropriate manufacturing process is critical to ensuring the optimal performance of Ti-based implants. This study investigates the effects of two fabrication methods –vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) – on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti). VAR-Ti ingots were fabricated using arc-melting with multiple remelting cycles, whereas SPS-Ti specimens were sintered from Ti powders under pressure and pulsed current in a high-vacuum environment. Both specimens were subsequently heat-treated at 800 °C and furnace cooled. Microstructural characterization revealed coarser grains and porosity in VAR-Ti, while SPS-Ti showed refined, uniform α-phase structures. Electrochemical tests, including OCP, polarization, EIS, and ICP-MS, indicated slightly enhanced corrosion resistance in SPS-Ti, attributed to its defect-free microstructure. XPS analysis confirmed TiO₂ surface formation on both samples. Additionally, both materials exhibited high ductility and excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding ISO 10993-5 thresholds. These findings highlight the advantage of SPS in producing defect-minimized Cp-Ti with improved corrosion behavior for biomedical applications.

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真空电弧重熔和火花等离子烧结工艺对生物医学植入体用Cp-Ti材料显微组织和腐蚀行为的比较研究

钛及其合金因其优异的力学性能和生物相容性而广泛应用于生物医学领域。然而，选择合适的制造工艺对于确保钛基植入物的最佳性能至关重要。研究了真空电弧重熔（VAR）和放电等离子烧结（SPS）两种制备方法对商品纯钛（Cp-Ti）显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响。VAR-Ti锭采用多次电弧熔炼法制备，SPS-Ti试样采用高压脉冲电流和高真空环境烧结法制备。两个试样随后在800°C下进行热处理并在炉内冷却。显微组织表征表明，VAR-Ti晶粒较粗，孔隙率较高，而SPS-Ti的α相结构较细且均匀。电化学测试，包括OCP、极化、EIS和ICP-MS，表明SPS-Ti的耐腐蚀性略有增强，这归功于其无缺陷的微观结构。XPS分析证实两个样品表面都有TiO2形成。此外，这两种材料都表现出高延展性和出色的生物相容性，细胞活力超过ISO 10993-5阈值。这些发现突出了SPS在生产缺陷最小化的Cp-Ti方面的优势，并改善了生物医学应用的腐蚀行为。

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t Materials Science-Metals and Alloys

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1877

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Research and Technology is a publication of ABM - Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association - and publishes four issues per year also with a free version online (www.jmrt.com.br). The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to Metallurgy, Materials and Minerals research and technology. Appropriate submissions to the Journal of Materials Research and Technology should include scientific and/or engineering factors which affect processes and products in the Metallurgy, Materials and Mining areas.